PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT1G19350.1

Common Name

BES1, BZR2

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

BES1

Protein Properties

Length: 335aa MW: 36485.6 Da PI: 9.5592

Description

BES1 family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT1G19350.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	DUF822	207.3	4.2e-64	19	158	2	144
DUF822 2 gsgrkptwkErEnnkrRERrRRaiaakiyaGLRaqGnyklpkraDnneVlkALcreAGwvvedDGttyrkgskpleeaeaagssasaspesslqsslk 99 +++rkp+w+ErEnn+rRERrRRa+aakiy+GLRaqGny+lpk++DnneVlkALc eAGwvve+DGttyrkg kpl ++agss++a+p ss ++s+ AT1G19350.1 19 ATRRKPSWRERENNRRRERRRRAVAAKIYTGLRAQGNYNLPKHCDNNEVLKALCSEAGWVVEEDGTTYRKGHKPL-PGDMAGSSSRATPYSSHNQSPL 115 689**********************************************************************.****************** PP DUF822 100 ssalaspvesysaspksssfpspssldsislasaasllpvlsvls 144 ss++ sp+ sy+ sp+sssfpsps++ ++ ++++p+l++ + AT1G19350.1 116 SSTFDSPILSYQVSPSSSSFPSPSRVGDPHNI--STIFPFLRNGG 158 ***********************8776655..67888887765 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Pfam	PF05687	2.9E-61	20	141	IPR008540	BES1/BZR1 plant transcription factor, N-terminal

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0009742	Biological Process	brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0042742	Biological Process	defense response to bacterium
GO:0045892	Biological Process	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0005829	Cellular Component	cytosol
GO:0001046	Molecular Function	core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 335 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MTSDGATSTS AAAAAAAMAT RRKPSWRERE NNRRRERRRR AVAAKIYTGL RAQGNYNLPK 60 HCDNNEVLKA LCSEAGWVVE EDGTTYRKGH KPLPGDMAGS SSRATPYSSH NQSPLSSTFD 120 SPILSYQVSP SSSSFPSPSR VGDPHNISTI FPFLRNGGIP SSLPPLRISN SAPVTPPVSS 180 PTSRNPKPLP TWESFTKQSM SMAAKQSMTS LNYPFYAVSA PASPTHHRQF HAPATIPECD 240 ESDSSTVDSG HWISFQKFAQ QQPFSASMVP TSPTFNLVKP APQQLSPNTA AIQEIGQSSE 300 FKFENSQVKP WEGERIHDVA MEDLELTLGN GKAHS

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
5zd4_A	3e-36	21	103	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
5zd4_B	3e-36	21	103	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
5zd4_C	3e-36	21	103	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
5zd4_D	3e-36	21	103	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
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Nucleic Localization Signal ? help Back to Top

No.	Start	End	Sequence
1	20	39	RRKPSWRERENNRRRERRRR

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.24276	0.0	bud\| flower\| root\| vegetative tissue

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
Genevisible	259955_s_at	2e-49
Expression Atlas	AT1G19350	-
AtGenExpress	AT1G19350	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed in cotyledons, leaves, hypocotyls and roots. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12007405}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes brassinosteroid (BR) signalling protein that accumulates in the nucleus as dephosphorylated form in response to BRs. Is phosphorylated by the BIN2 GSK3 kinase. It synergistically interacts with BIM1 to bind to E box sequences (CANNTG). The protein contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS), followed by a highly conserved amino-terminal domain (N) shared by all family members, a BIN2 phosphorylation domain (P), a PEST motif, involved in protein degradation in the absence of BR, and a carboxyl-terminal domain. BES1 can interact with the ELF6 and REF6 Jumonji N/C-domain containing proteins and may direct them to modify histone methylation upstream of some brassinosteroid responsive-genes
UniProt	Positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Transcription factor that activates target gene expression by binding specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG-3'(E box) through its N-terminal domain. Can bind individually to the promoter as a homodimer or synergistically as a heterodimer with BIM1, BIM2 or BIM3. The C-terminal domain is probably involved in transcriptional activation (PubMed:12007405, PubMed:15680330, PubMed:18467490, PubMed:19170933). Recruits the transcription elongation factor IWS1 to control BR-regulated gene expression (PubMed:20139304). Forms a trimeric complex with IWS1 and ASHH2/SDG8 to regulate BR-regulated gene expression (PubMed:24838002). Promotes quiescent center (QC) self-renewal by cell divisions in the primary root. Binds to the E-boxes of the BRAVO promoter to repress its expression (PubMed:24981610). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12007405, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15680330, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18467490, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19170933, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20139304, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24838002, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24981610}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
BES1 recruits transcriptional regulators ELF6 and REF6 to regulate target gene expression and coordinate brassinosteroids responses with other developmental processes such as control of flowering time. [PMID: 18467490] BES1 and AtMYB30 function cooperatively to promote brassinosteroid target gene expression. [PMID: 19170933] AtIWS1 is recruited to target genes by BES1 to promote gene expression during transcription elongation process. [PMID: 20139304] BES1 is a nucleocytoplasmic signal transmitter. Its subcellular localization modulates brassinosteroid signal output intensity. Phosphorylation at 12 sites induces its nuclear export by regulating its binding affinity with 14-3-3 proteins. [PMID: 20387034] Cytosolic BSU1 and nuclear BIN2 might be required for the efficient subcellular localization of BES1 in BR signaling. [PMID: 20387035] BES1 directly regulates many brassinosteroid-responsive genes by initiating a hierarchical transcription network downstream of BR signaling. [PMID: 21214652] altered patterns of BES1 phosphorylation in roc1-1D, roc1-2 and roc1-3 mutants [PMID: 22463079] role in regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by brassinosteroids [PMID: 23580754] HAT1 is a BES1 target gene and that HAT1 functions as a BES1 co-repressor. HAT1 appears to function redundantly with other family members such as HAT3 to mediate brassinosteroid (BR) responses. [PMID: 24164091] While BIN2 phosphorylates and destabilizes BES1/BZR1, BIN2 phosphorylated MYBL2 and HAT1 appear to be stabilized. [PMID: 24526246] The BES1-TPL-HDA19 repressor complex controls epigenetic silencing of ABI3 and thereby suppresses the abscisic acid signalling output during early seedling development. [PMID: 24938150] propose that the environmentally controlled developmental switch from deep to shallow root architecture involves reductions in BZR1 and BES1/BZR2 levels in the nucleus, which likely play key roles in plant adaptation to phosphate-deficient environments [PMID: 25136063] BES1 is identified as a unique direct substrate of MPK6 in Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity signaling. [PMID: 25609555] BES1-L is a more important isoform of BES1 in Arabidopsis and may have contributed to the evolution and expansion of A. thaliana. [PMID: 25649439] The amino-terminal and central parts of BES1 are responsible for its physical interaction with HSP90.3 in vitro. Additionally, BZR1 is a novel HSP90 partner aside from two BR signaling components previously identified as its clients. [PMID: 25778412] regulates the localization of the brassinosteroid receptor BRL3 within the provascular tissue of primary root [PMID: 27511026] BES1 and BZR1 are brassinolide-targeted genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. [PMID: 28124247] Study confirmed that RD26 is a target gene of BES1 and negatively regulates the brassinosteroids signaling pathway. [PMID: 28233777] BES1 interacts with the ubiquitin receptor protein DSK2 and is targeted to the autophagy pathway during stress. [PMID: 28399398] SINA of Arabidopsis thaliana (SINATs) specifically interact with dephosphorylated BES1 and mediate its ubiquitination and degradation. [PMID: 28399399] Ways of BES1/BZR1 Degradation to Decode Distinct Developmental and Environmental Cues in Plants [PMID: 28629641] BES1 and BZR1 are key regulators of both xylem and phloem cell differentiation from vascular stem cells. [PMID: 29385529] UVR8-BES1/BIM1 interaction represents an early photoreceptor signaling mechanism in plants and serves as an important module integrating light and brassinosteroid signaling [PMID: 29398622]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00073	ChIP-chip	26531826	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT1G19350.1

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT2G20570(R), AT2G43060(A), AT4G38850(A), AT5G10140(R), AT5G44190(R), AT5G57560(A)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	brassinosteroid

Interaction -- BIND ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With	Description
BIND	AT1G69010	An unspecified isoform of BES1 interacts with BIM2.

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G69010, AT1G71030, AT1G75080

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT1G19350

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AY065041	0.0	AY065041.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At1g19350/F18O14_4 mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_973863.1	0.0	Brassinosteroid signaling positive regulator (BZR1) family protein
Swissprot	Q9LN63	0.0	BZR2_ARATH; Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 2
TrEMBL	F4HP45	0.0	F4HP45_ARATH; Brassinosteroid signaling positive regulator (BZR1) family protein
STRING	AT1G19350.3	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT1G19350.1
Entrez Gene	838518
iHOP	AT1G19350
wikigenes	AT1G19350

Publications ? help Back to Top
Wang ZY, et al. Nuclear-localized BZR1 mediates brassinosteroid-induced growth and feedback suppression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Dev. Cell, 2002. 2(4): p. 505-13 [PMID:11970900] Yin Y, et al. BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation. Cell, 2002. 109(2): p. 181-91 [PMID:12007405] He JX,Gendron JM,Yang Y,Li J,Wang ZY The GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and destabilizes BZR1, a positive regulator of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2002. 99(15): p. 10185-90 [PMID:12114546] Zhao J, et al. Two putative BIN2 substrates are nuclear components of brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Physiol., 2002. 130(3): p. 1221-9 [PMID:12427989] Mora-Garc Nuclear protein phosphatases with Kelch-repeat domains modulate the response to brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev., 2004. 18(4): p. 448-60 [PMID:14977918] Nemhauser JL,Mockler TC,Chory J Interdependency of brassinosteroid and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol., 2004. 2(9): p. E258 [PMID:15328536] Yin Y, et al. A new class of transcription factors mediates brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis. Cell, 2005. 120(2): p. 249-59 [PMID:15680330] Vert G,Chory J Downstream nuclear events in brassinosteroid signalling. Nature, 2006. 441(7089): p. 96-100 [PMID:16672972] M Molecular analysis of brassinosteroid action. Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2006. 8(3): p. 291-6 [PMID:16807820] Belkhadir Y,Chory J Brassinosteroid signaling: a paradigm for steroid hormone signaling from the cell surface. Science, 2006. 314(5804): p. 1410-1 [PMID:17138891] Zhang J,Cao ML,Huang YB,Wu BJ [Study of hrpN(CSDS001) and the gene expression profile of Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Harpin(CSDS001)]. Yi Chuan, 2007. 29(5): p. 629-36 [PMID:17548335] de Vries SC 14-3-3 proteins in plant brassinosteroid signaling. Dev. Cell, 2007. 13(2): p. 162-4 [PMID:17681126] Gampala SS, et al. An essential role for 14-3-3 proteins in brassinosteroid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2007. 13(2): p. 177-89 [PMID:17681130] Bai MY, et al. Functions of OsBZR1 and 14-3-3 proteins in brassinosteroid signaling in rice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2007. 104(34): p. 13839-44 [PMID:17699623] Yu X, et al. Modulation of brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression by Jumonji domain-containing proteins ELF6 and REF6 in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2008. 105(21): p. 7618-23 [PMID:18467490] Clouse SD The molecular intersection of brassinosteroid-regulated growth and flowering in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2008. 105(21): p. 7345-6 [PMID:18495930] Vert G,Walcher CL,Chory J,Nemhauser JL Integration of auxin and brassinosteroid pathways by Auxin Response Factor 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2008. 105(28): p. 9829-34 [PMID:18599455] Li L, et al. Arabidopsis MYB30 is a direct target of BES1 and cooperates with BES1 to regulate brassinosteroid-induced gene expression. Plant J., 2009. 58(2): p. 275-86 [PMID:19170933] Zhang S,Cai Z,Wang X The primary signaling outputs of brassinosteroids are regulated by abscisic acid signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2009. 106(11): p. 4543-8 [PMID:19240210] Jones AM, et al. Phosphoproteomic analysis of nuclei-enriched fractions from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Proteomics, 2009. 72(3): p. 439-51 [PMID:19245862] Reiland S, et al. Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks. Plant Physiol., 2009. 150(2): p. 889-903 [PMID:19376835] Srivastava R,Liu JX,Guo H,Yin Y,Howell SH Regulation and processing of a plant peptide hormone, AtRALF23, in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2009. 59(6): p. 930-9 [PMID:19473327] Guo H,Ye H,Li L,Yin Y A family of receptor-like kinases are regulated by BES1 and involved in plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav, 2009. 4(8): p. 784-6 [PMID:19820315] Zhang LY, et al. Antagonistic HLH/bHLH transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid regulation of cell elongation and plant development in rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(12): p. 3767-80 [PMID:20009022] Rozhon W,Mayerhofer J,Petutschnig E,Fujioka S,Jonak C ASKtheta, a group-III Arabidopsis GSK3, functions in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway. Plant J., 2010. 62(2): p. 215-23 [PMID:20128883] Li L,Ye H,Guo H,Yin Y Arabidopsis IWS1 interacts with transcription factor BES1 and is involved in plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid regulated gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010. 107(8): p. 3918-23 [PMID:20139304] Ye Q, et al. Brassinosteroids control male fertility by regulating the expression of key genes involved in Arabidopsis anther and pollen development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010. 107(13): p. 6100-5 [PMID:20231470] Ryu H,Cho H,Kim K,Hwang I Phosphorylation dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BES1 is a key regulatory event in brassinosteroid signaling. Mol. Cells, 2010. 29(3): p. 283-90 [PMID:20387034] Ryu H,Kim K,Cho H,Hwang I Predominant actions of cytosolic BSU1 and nuclear BIN2 regulate subcellular localization of BES1 in brassinosteroid signaling. Mol. Cells, 2010. 29(3): p. 291-6 [PMID:20387035] Peng P,Zhao J,Zhu Y,Asami T,Li J A direct docking mechanism for a plant GSK3-like kinase to phosphorylate its substrates. J. Biol. Chem., 2010. 285(32): p. 24646-53 [PMID:20522560] Sun Y, et al. Integration of brassinosteroid signal transduction with the transcription network for plant growth regulation in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2010. 19(5): p. 765-77 [PMID:21074725] Yu X, et al. A brassinosteroid transcriptional network revealed by genome-wide identification of BESI target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J., 2011. 65(4): p. 634-46 [PMID:21214652] Tang W, et al. PP2A activates brassinosteroid-responsive gene Nat. Cell Biol., 2011. 13(2): p. 124-31 [PMID:21258370] Hacham Y, et al. Brassinosteroid perception in the epidermis controls root meristem size. Development, 2011. 138(5): p. 839-48 [PMID:21270053] Xie L,Yang C,Wang X Brassinosteroids can regulate cellulose biosynthesis by controlling the expression of CESA genes in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 2011. 62(13): p. 4495-506 [PMID:21617247] Kim TW,Guan S,Burlingame AL,Wang ZY The CDG1 kinase mediates brassinosteroid signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase and GSK3-like kinase BIN2. Mol. Cell, 2011. 43(4): p. 561-71 [PMID:21855796] Walcher CL,Nemhauser JL Bipartite promoter element required for auxin response. Plant Physiol., 2012. 158(1): p. 273-82 [PMID:22100645] Oh MH,Wang X,Clouse SD,Huber SC Deactivation of the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor kinase by autophosphorylation within the glycine-rich loop. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(1): p. 327-32 [PMID:22184234] Gou X, et al. Genetic evidence for an indispensable role of somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases in brassinosteroid signaling. PLoS Genet., 2012. 8(1): p. e1002452 [PMID:22253607] Trupkin SA,Mora-Garc The cyclophilin ROC1 links phytochrome and cryptochrome to brassinosteroid sensitivity. Plant J., 2012. 71(5): p. 712-23 [PMID:22463079] Chung Y, et al. Constitutive activation of brassinosteroid signaling in the Arabidopsis elongated-D/bak1 mutant. Plant Mol. Biol., 2012. 80(4-5): p. 489-501 [PMID:22961663] Meinke DW A survey of dominant mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Trends Plant Sci., 2013. 18(2): p. 84-91 [PMID:22995285] Ye H,Li L,Guo H,Yin Y MYBL2 is a substrate of GSK3-like kinase BIN2 and acts as a corepressor of BES1 in brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(49): p. 20142-7 [PMID:23169658] Lachowiec J, et al. The protein chaperone HSP90 can facilitate the divergence of gene duplicates. Genetics, 2013. 193(4): p. 1269-77 [PMID:23410833] Hao J,Yin Y,Fei SZ Brassinosteroid signaling network: implications on yield and stress tolerance. Plant Cell Rep., 2013. 32(7): p. 1017-30 [PMID:23568410] Guo R, et al. BZR1 and BES1 participate in regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 2013. 64(8): p. 2401-12 [PMID:23580754] Li QF,He JX Mechanisms of signaling crosstalk between brassinosteroids and gibberellins. Plant Signal Behav, 2013. 8(7): p. e24686 [PMID:23603943] Lin W, et al. Inverse modulation of plant immune and brassinosteroid signaling pathways by the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2013. 110(29): p. 12114-9 [PMID:23818580] Zhang D, et al. Transcription factor HAT1 is phosphorylated by BIN2 kinase and mediates brassinosteroid repressed gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2014. 77(1): p. 59-70 [PMID:24164091] Wang Y, et al. Strigolactone/MAX2-induced degradation of brassinosteroid transcriptional effector BES1 regulates shoot branching. Dev. Cell, 2013. 27(6): p. 681-8 [PMID:24369836] Shigeta T, et al. Molecular evidence of the involvement of heat shock protein 90 in brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis T87 cultured cells. Plant Cell Rep., 2014. 33(3): p. 499-510 [PMID:24374469] Zhang D, et al. Transcription factors involved in brassinosteroid repressed gene expression and their regulation by BIN2 kinase. Plant Signal Behav, 2014. 9(1): p. e27849 [PMID:24526246] Wang X, et al. Histone lysine methyltransferase SDG8 is involved in brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant, 2014. 7(8): p. 1303-15 [PMID:24838002] Cai Z, et al. GSK3-like kinases positively modulate abscisic acid signaling through phosphorylating subgroup III SnRK2s in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2014. 111(26): p. 9651-6 [PMID:24928519] Ryu H,Cho H,Bae W,Hwang I Control of early seedling development by BES1/TPL/HDA19-mediated epigenetic regulation of ABI3. Nat Commun, 2014. 5: p. 4138 [PMID:24938150] Vilarrasa-Blasi J, et al. Regulation of plant stem cell quiescence by a brassinosteroid signaling module. Dev. Cell, 2014. 30(1): p. 36-47 [PMID:24981610] Singh AP, et al. Activity of the brassinosteroid transcription factors BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT2 blocks developmental reprogramming in response to low phosphate availability. Plant Physiol., 2014. 166(2): p. 678-88 [PMID:25136063] Kang S, et al. The Arabidopsis transcription factor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1 is a direct substrate of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE6 and regulates immunity. Plant Physiol., 2015. 167(3): p. 1076-86 [PMID:25609555] Jiang J,Zhang C,Wang X A recently evolved isoform of the transcription factor BES1 promotes brassinosteroid signaling and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell, 2015. 27(2): p. 361-74 [PMID:25649439] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Shigeta T, et al. Heat shock protein 90 acts in brassinosteroid signaling through interaction with BES1/BZR1 transcription factor. J. Plant Physiol., 2015. 178: p. 69-73 [PMID:25778412] Salazar-Henao JE,Lehner R,Betegón-Putze I,Vilarrasa-Blasi J,Caño-Delgado AI BES1 regulates the localization of the brassinosteroid receptor BRL3 within the provascular tissue of the Arabidopsis primary root. J. Exp. Bot., 2016. 67(17): p. 4951-61 [PMID:27511026] Nolan T, et al. Identification of Brassinosteroid Target Genes by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by High-Throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-Sequencing. Methods Mol. Biol., 2017. 1564: p. 63-79 [PMID:28124247] Ye H, et al. RD26 mediates crosstalk between drought and brassinosteroid signalling pathways. Nat Commun, 2017. 8: p. 14573 [PMID:28233777] Nolan TM, et al. Selective Autophagy of BES1 Mediated by DSK2 Balances Plant Growth and Survival. Dev. Cell, 2017. 41(1): p. 33-46.e7 [PMID:28399398] Yang M, et al. SINAT E3 Ligases Control the Light-Mediated Stability of the Brassinosteroid-Activated Transcription Factor BES1 in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2017. 41(1): p. 47-58.e4 [PMID:28399399] Chen J, et al. Arabidopsis WRKY46, WRKY54, and WRKY70 Transcription Factors Are Involved in Brassinosteroid-Regulated Plant Growth and Drought Responses. Plant Cell, 2017. 29(6): p. 1425-1439 [PMID:28576847] Yang M,Wang X Multiple Ways of BES1/BZR1 Degradation to Decode Distinct Developmental and Environmental Cues in Plants. Mol Plant, 2017. 10(7): p. 915-917 [PMID:28629641] Saito M,Kondo Y,Fukuda H BES1 and BZR1 Redundantly Promote Phloem and Xylem Differentiation. Plant Cell Physiol., 2018. 59(3): p. 590-600 [PMID:29385529] Liang T, et al. UVR8 Interacts with BES1 and BIM1 to Regulate Transcription and Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2018. 44(4): p. 512-523.e5 [PMID:29398622]