PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; Liliopsida; Petrosaviidae; commelinids; Poales; Poaceae; PACMAD clade; Panicoideae; Andropogonodae; Andropogoneae; Tripsacinae; Zea

Family

bHLH

Protein Properties

Length: 375aa MW: 39426.5 Da PI: 8.9644

Description

bHLH family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
GRMZM2G085751_P01	genome	MaizeSequence	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	HLH	42.1	1.6e-13	112	162	2	55
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS HLH 2 rrahnerErrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 +++h +Er+RR+++N+ ++ Lr+l+P + k+ + a+i +v+YIk+Lq GRMZM2G085751_P01 112 KMSHITVERNRRKQMNEHLAVLRSLMPCF---YVKRGDQASIIGGVVDYIKELQ 162 789***********************9...9******************9 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
CDD	cd00083	3.57E-13	108	166	No hit	No description
PROSITE profile	PS50888	15.237	110	161	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SuperFamily	SSF47459	3.53E-17	110	183	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene3D	G3DSA:4.10.280.10	7.7E-13	111	164	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Pfam	PF00010	9.1E-11	112	162	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SMART	SM00353	3.0E-11	116	167	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0046983	Molecular Function	protein dimerization activity

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0006339	anatomy	juvenile vascular leaf
PO:0006340	anatomy	adult vascular leaf
PO:0006341	anatomy	primary shoot system
PO:0008018	anatomy	transition vascular leaf
PO:0009001	anatomy	fruit
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0020040	anatomy	leaf base
PO:0020127	anatomy	primary root
PO:0025142	anatomy	leaf tip
PO:0025287	anatomy	seedling coleoptile
PO:0001052	developmental stage	vascular leaf expansion stage
PO:0001053	developmental stage	vascular leaf post-expansion stage
PO:0007003	developmental stage	IL.03 full inflorescence length reached stage
PO:0007015	developmental stage	radicle emergence stage
PO:0007022	developmental stage	seed imbibition stage
PO:0007045	developmental stage	coleoptile emergence stage
PO:0007063	developmental stage	LP.07 seven leaves visible stage
PO:0007065	developmental stage	LP.05 five leaves visible stage
PO:0007072	developmental stage	LP.18 eighteen leaves visible stage
PO:0007094	developmental stage	LP.01 one leaf visible stage
PO:0007101	developmental stage	LP.09 nine leaves visible stage
PO:0007106	developmental stage	LP.03 three leaves visible stage
PO:0007116	developmental stage	LP.11 eleven leaves visible stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 375 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MEDGGMCELV IGDHRNLRHR LSGAEDLFSI VGTWEERTNG ASGGGGGGGG SSAAAVRAYS 60 QGCTAGTAGA KTAAGTNNSR RRTGDEEKGG SAPAQKKHKG SSAVSDDEGA AKMSHITVER 120 NRRKQMNEHL AVLRSLMPCF YVKRGDQASI IGGVVDYIKE LQQVLRSLET KKHRKAYAEQ 180 VLSPRPLPAV KSTPPLSPHV AVPMSPRTPT PGSPYKPASG AAATTTGSCR LPHRAAAAAA 240 AYIGTPTTSS SSSSYSHDQQ RHYSTYLPTL DSLVTELAAQ AAACSRPAAS GGLTRLPDVK 300 VEFAGPNLVL KTVSHRSPGQ ALKIIAALES LPLEILHVSV STVDDTMVHS FTIKIGIECE 360 LSAEELVQEI QQTLL

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 375 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MEDGGMCELV IGDHRNLRHR LSGAEDLFSI VGTWEERTNG ASGGGGGGGG SSAAAVRAYS  60
QGCTAGTAGA KTAAGTNNSR RRTGDEEKGG SAPAQKKHKG SSAVSDDEGA AKMSHITVER  120
NRRKQMNEHL AVLRSLMPCF YVKRGDQASI IGGVVDYIKE LQQVLRSLET KKHRKAYAEQ  180
VLSPRPLPAV KSTPPLSPHV AVPMSPRTPT PGSPYKPASG AAATTTGSCR LPHRAAAAAA  240
AYIGTPTTSS SSSSYSHDQQ RHYSTYLPTL DSLVTELAAQ AAACSRPAAS GGLTRLPDVK  300
VEFAGPNLVL KTVSHRSPGQ ALKIIAALES LPLEILHVSV STVDDTMVHS FTIKIGIECE  360
LSAEELVQEI QQTLL

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
Zm.32213	0.0	cell lignification

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
Expression Atlas	GRMZM2G085751

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: First observed in a subset of undifferentiated epidermal cells, often by pair of neighboring cells. Later confined to small epidermal cells, including cells that have recently divided next to stomatal lineage cells. Also expressed in stomatal lineage cells, fading out progressively during meristemoid determination. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449}.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in developing leaf epidermis (PubMed:17183265). Reduced accumulation in the stomatal lineage ground cells (SLGCs) where BASL is polarized in the cell cortex (PubMed:27746029). Observed in small cells of non-protruding hypocotyl cell files and of developing cotyledon epidermis (PubMed:22466366). Restricted to meristemoids (stomatal precursor cell) in leaves epidermis, mostly in dividing cells of non-protruding cell files (PubMed:25680231, PubMed:18641265, PubMed:19008449). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22466366, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25680231, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27746029}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	Transcription factor acting as an integration node for stomata and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways to control stomatal initiation and development (PubMed:22466366, PubMed:28507175). Activates transcription when in the presence of SCRM/ICE1 (PubMed:28507175). Functions as a dimer with SCRM or SCRM2 during stomatal initiation (PubMed:18641265). Required for the initiation, the spacing and the formation of stomata, by promoting the first asymmetric cell divisions (PubMed:25843888, PubMed:25680231, PubMed:19008449). Together with FMA and MUTE, modulates the stomata formation. Involved in the regulation of growth reduction under osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), associated with a quick decrease of meristemoid mother cells (MMCs) number lower stomatal index and density (PubMed:25381317). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183267, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22466366, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25381317, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25680231, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25843888, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28507175}.

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	GRMZM2G085751_P01

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Repressed by brassinazole (BRZ), thus leading to a reduced number of stomata in hypocotyls (PubMed:25680231). Inhibited by low relative humidity (LRH) via epigenetic CG methylation, thus leading to a reduced stomatal index (PubMed:22442411). Repressed by YDA (at protein level) (PubMed:19008449). Post-transcriptional decrease of protein level in response to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), through the action of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade; this repression is reversed by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 (PubMed:25381317). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22442411, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25381317, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25680231}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	-

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	BT036901	0.0	BT036901.1 Zea mays full-length cDNA clone ZM_BFb0146M03 mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_001132879.1	0.0	uncharacterized protein LOC100194372
Swissprot	Q700C7	2e-80	SPCH_ARATH; Transcription factor SPEECHLESS
TrEMBL	B4FIG3	0.0	B4FIG3_MAIZE; BHLH transcription factor
STRING	GRMZM2G085751_P01	0.0	(Zea mays)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Monocots	OGMP3484	35	77
Representative plant	OGRP253	15	131

Best hit in Arabidopsis thaliana ? help Back to Top
Hit ID	E-value	Description
AT5G53210.1	2e-42	bHLH family protein

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	GRMZM2G085751_P01
Entrez Gene	100194372

Publications ? help Back to Top
Casson S,Gray JE Influence of environmental factors on stomatal development. New Phytol., 2008. 178(1): p. 9-23 [PMID:18266617] Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature. Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8 [PMID:20219281] Yang K,Jiang M,Le J A new loss-of-function allele 28y reveals a role of ARGONAUTE1 in limiting asymmetric division of stomatal lineage ground cell. J Integr Plant Biol, 2014. 56(6): p. 539-49 [PMID:24386951] Balcerowicz M,Ranjan A,Rupprecht L,Fiene G,Hoecker U Auxin represses stomatal development in dark-grown seedlings via Aux/IAA proteins. Development, 2014. 141(16): p. 3165-76 [PMID:25063454] Lau OS, et al. Direct roles of SPEECHLESS in the specification of stomatal self-renewing cells. Science, 2014. 345(6204): p. 1605-9 [PMID:25190717] Davies KA,Bergmann DC Functional specialization of stomatal bHLHs through modification of DNA-binding and phosphoregulation potential. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2014. 111(43): p. 15585-90 [PMID:25304637] Zhang Y,Wang P,Shao W,Zhu JK,Dong J The BASL polarity protein controls a MAPK signaling feedback loop in asymmetric cell division. Dev. Cell, 2015. 33(2): p. 136-49 [PMID:25843888] de Marcos A, et al. Transcriptional profiles of Arabidopsis stomataless mutants reveal developmental and physiological features of life in the absence of stomata. Front Plant Sci, 2015. 6: p. 456 [PMID:26157447] Horst RJ, et al. Molecular Framework of a Regulatory Circuit Initiating Two-Dimensional Spatial Patterning of Stomatal Lineage. PLoS Genet., 2015. 11(7): p. e1005374 [PMID:26203655] Klermund C, et al. LLM-Domain B-GATA Transcription Factors Promote Stomatal Development Downstream of Light Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls. Plant Cell, 2016. 28(3): p. 646-60 [PMID:26917680] Gu F, et al. Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate Formation in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner. Plant Cell, 2016. 28(7): p. 1722-37 [PMID:27354558] Raissig MT,Abrash E,Bettadapur A,Vogel JP,Bergmann DC Grasses use an alternatively wired bHLH transcription factor network to establish stomatal identity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2016. 113(29): p. 8326-31 [PMID:27382177] Castorina G,Fox S,Tonelli C,Galbiati M,Conti L A novel role for STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 in stomata patterning. BMC Plant Biol., 2016. 16(1): p. 172 [PMID:27484174] Fu ZW,Wang YL,Lu YT,Yuan TT Nitric oxide is involved in stomatal development by modulating the expression of stomatal regulator genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci., 2016. 252: p. 282-289 [PMID:27717464] Zhang Y,Guo X,Dong J Phosphorylation of the Polarity Protein BASL Differentiates Asymmetric Cell Fate through MAPKs and SPCH. Curr. Biol., 2016. 26(21): p. 2957-2965 [PMID:27746029] Sakai Y, et al. The chemical compound bubblin induces stomatal mispatterning in Arabidopsis by disrupting the intrinsic polarity of stomatal lineage cells. Development, 2017. 144(3): p. 499-506 [PMID:28087627] de Marcos A, et al. A Mutation in the bHLH Domain of the SPCH Transcription Factor Uncovers a BR-Dependent Mechanism for Stomatal Development. Plant Physiol., 2017. 174(2): p. 823-842 [PMID:28507175] Dow GJ,Berry JA,Bergmann DC Disruption of stomatal lineage signaling or transcriptional regulators has differential effects on mesophyll development, but maintains coordination of gas exchange. New Phytol., 2017. 216(1): p. 69-75 [PMID:28833173] Lee JH,Jung JH,Park CM Light Inhibits COP1-Mediated Degradation of ICE Transcription Factors to Induce Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2017. 29(11): p. 2817-2830 [PMID:29070509] Zoulias N,Harrison EL,Casson SA,Gray JE Molecular control of stomatal development. Biochem. J., 2018. 475(2): p. 441-454 [PMID:29386377] Han X, et al. Jasmonate Negatively Regulates Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. Plant Physiol., 2018. 176(4): p. 2871-2885 [PMID:29496884] Houbaert A, et al. POLAR-guided signalling complex assembly and localization drive asymmetric cell division. Nature, 2018. 563(7732): p. 574-578 [PMID:30429609]