PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

bHLH

Protein Properties

Length: 292aa MW: 33615 Da PI: 7.5839

Description

bHLH family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT1G02340.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	HLH	30.7	5.5e-10	144	184	10	55
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS HLH 10 rrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 rrR +++ +++ +L++l+P++ K +K+++L k++eY+k+Lq AT1G02340.1 144 RRRDEKMSNKMRKLQQLVPNC-----HKTDKVSVLDKTIEYMKNLQ 184 666679************9.....6****************9 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
PROSITE profile	PS50888	13.802	134	183	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
CDD	cd00083	1.69E-10	135	188	No hit	No description
SMART	SM00353	5.3E-9	139	189	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Pfam	PF00010	4.3E-7	144	184	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene3D	G3DSA:4.10.280.10	5.8E-13	144	191	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SuperFamily	SSF47459	8.11E-14	144	194	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0009585	Biological Process	red, far-red light phototransduction
GO:0009642	Biological Process	response to light intensity
GO:0009738	Biological Process	abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
GO:0009785	Biological Process	blue light signaling pathway
GO:0010218	Biological Process	response to far red light
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0005829	Cellular Component	cytosol
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0003712	Molecular Function	transcription cofactor activity
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding
GO:0046983	Molecular Function	protein dimerization activity

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0009001	anatomy	fruit
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007131	developmental stage	seedling development stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 292 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MSNNQAFMEL GWRNDVGSLA VKDQGMMSER ARSDEDRLIN GLKWGYGYFD HDQTDNYLQI 60 VPEIHKEVEN AKEDLLVVVP DEHSETDDHH HIKDFSERSD HRFYLRNKHE NPKKRRIQVL 120 SSDDESEEFT REVPSVTRKG SKRRRRDEKM SNKMRKLQQL VPNCHKTDKV SVLDKTIEYM 180 KNLQLQLQMM STVGVNPYFL PATLGFGMHN HMLTAMASAH GLNPANHMMP SPLIPALNWP 240 LPPFTNISFP HSSSQSLFLT TSSPASSPQS LHGLVPYFPS FLDFSSHAMR RL

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.24795	0.0	leaf

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	13183643	0.0
Genevisible	259417_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT1G02340	-
AtGenExpress	AT1G02340	-
ATTED-II	AT1G02340	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed constitutively in roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12679534}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes a light-inducible, nuclear bHLH protein involved in phytochrome signaling. Mutants exhibit a long-hypocotyl phenotype only under far-red light but not under red light and are defective in other phytochrome A-related responses. Mutants also show blue light response defects. HFR1 interacts with COP1, co-localizes to the nuclear specks and is ubiquinated by COP1.
UniProt	Atypical bHLH transcription factor that regulates photomorphogenesis through modulation of phytochrome (e.g. PHYA) and cryptochrome signalings (Ref.4, PubMed:11090209, PubMed:10995393, PubMed:19482971). Suppresses the transcriptional regulation activity of PIF4 by forming non-DNA-binding heterodimer. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10995393, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11090209, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19482971, ECO:0000269\|Ref.4}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
in addition to their independent functions in phyA signaling, LAF1 and HFR1 also cooperate post-translationally to stabilize each other through inhibition of ubiquitination by COP1, thereby enhancing phyA photoresponses [PMID: 17699755] CKII-mediated phosphorylation represents an important post-translational modification influencing the stability and signaling activity of Arabidopsis HFR1 [PMID: 18556661] HFR1, which is fine-tuned by cry1, is crucial for regulating global gene expression in cry1-mediated early blue light signaling. [PMID: 18974779] OWL1 interacts with the basic helix-loop-helix HFR1 (LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED) transcription factor. Both proteins are involved in the agravitropic response under far-red light. [PMID: 19808946] The HLH and the adjacent C-terminal domain are required for biological activity of HFR1. [PMID: 21205034] HY5 transmits phyA signals through an FHY1/FHL-independent pathway but it may also modulate FHY1/FHL signal through its interaction with HFR1 and LAF1. [PMID: 23503597] HFR1 prevents PIF1 from binding to its target genes and antagonistically regulates PIF1-mediated gene expression. HFR1 and PIF1 are the major transcription regulators responsible for light-directed Transcriptome changes in seed germination. [PMID: 24179122] light inactivates DET1, elevating HFR1 to sequester PIF1's suppression on seed germination [PMID: 25775589] results reveal a new mechanism for NO signals in modulating PHYB-mediated seed germination by repressing PIF1 expression at the transcriptional level as well as preventing PIF1 activity by stabilizing HFR1 protein. [PMID: 29248678]

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT1G02340.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Twofold induction by far-red light and 14-fold suppression by red light.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G26945 (R), AT2G46970 (A), AT4G16780 (A)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G29910(A), AT4G16780(R), AT5G13930(R)

Interaction -- BIND ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With	Description
BIND	AT1G02340	HFR1 interacts with another molecule of HFR1.

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G02340, AT1G26945
IntAct	Search Q9FE22

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Partially blind to far-red (FR). Impaired inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and cotyledons expansion under continuous FR light conditions. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19482971}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT1G02340

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AF288287	0.0	AF288287.1 Aarabidopsis thaliana reduced phytochrome signaling 1 (REP1) mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	AF323182	0.0	AF323182.1 Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix FBI1 protein (FBI1) mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	AF324245	0.0	AF324245.1 Arabidopsis thaliana bHLH-like protein HFR1 mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_563650.1	0.0	basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
Swissprot	Q9FE22	0.0	HFR1_ARATH; Transcription factor HFR1
TrEMBL	A0A1P8AWQ4	0.0	A0A1P8AWQ4_ARATH; Basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
STRING	AT1G02340.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM14015	16	24
Representative plant	OGRP258	16	128

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT1G02340.1
Entrez Gene	839300
iHOP	AT1G02340
wikigenes	AT1G02340

Publications ? help Back to Top
Fankhauser C,Chory J RSF1, an Arabidopsis locus implicated in phytochrome A signaling. Plant Physiol., 2000. 124(1): p. 39-45 [PMID:10982420] Fairchild CD,Schumaker MA,Quail PH HFR1 encodes an atypical bHLH protein that acts in phytochrome A signal transduction. Genes Dev., 2000. 14(18): p. 2377-91 [PMID:10995393] Soh MS,Kim YM,Han SJ,Song PS REP1, a basic helix-loop-helix protein, is required for a branch pathway of phytochrome A signaling in arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2000. 12(11): p. 2061-74 [PMID:11090209] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Spiegelman JI, et al. Cloning of the Arabidopsis RSF1 gene by using a mapping strategy based on high-density DNA arrays and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Plant Cell, 2000. 12(12): p. 2485-2498 [PMID:11148292] Seki M, et al. Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection. Science, 2002. 296(5565): p. 141-5 [PMID:11910074] Kim YM,Woo JC,Song PS,Soh MS HFR1, a phytochrome A-signalling component, acts in a separate pathway from HY5, downstream of COP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J., 2002. 30(6): p. 711-9 [PMID:12061902] Wang H, et al. Analysis of far-red light-regulated genome expression profiles of phytochrome A pathway mutants in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2002. 32(5): p. 723-33 [PMID:12472688] Heim MA, et al. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family in plants: a genome-wide study of protein structure and functional diversity. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2003. 20(5): p. 735-47 [PMID:12679534] Yamashino T, et al. A Link between circadian-controlled bHLH factors and the APRR1/TOC1 quintet in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2003. 44(6): p. 619-29 [PMID:12826627] Toledo-Ortiz G,Huq E,Quail PH The Arabidopsis basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(8): p. 1749-70 [PMID:12897250] Yang KY,Kim YM,Lee S,Song PS,Soh MS Overexpression of a mutant basic helix-loop-helix protein HFR1, HFR1-deltaN105, activates a branch pathway of light signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2003. 133(4): p. 1630-42 [PMID:14645731] Duek PD,Elmer MV,van Oosten VR,Fankhauser C The degradation of HFR1, a putative bHLH class transcription factor involved in light signaling, is regulated by phosphorylation and requires COP1. Curr. Biol., 2004. 14(24): p. 2296-301 [PMID:15620659] Yang J, et al. Light regulates COP1-mediated degradation of HFR1, a transcription factor essential for light signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(3): p. 804-21 [PMID:15705947] Jang IC,Yang JY,Seo HS,Chua NH HFR1 is targeted by COP1 E3 ligase for post-translational proteolysis during phytochrome A signaling. Genes Dev., 2005. 19(5): p. 593-602 [PMID:15741320] Yang J, et al. Repression of light signaling by Arabidopsis SPA1 involves post-translational regulation of HFR1 protein accumulation. Plant J., 2005. 43(1): p. 131-41 [PMID:15960622] Sessa G, et al. A dynamic balance between gene activation and repression regulates the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev., 2005. 19(23): p. 2811-5 [PMID:16322556] Kang X,Ni M Arabidopsis SHORT HYPOCOTYL UNDER BLUE1 contains SPX and EXS domains and acts in cryptochrome signaling. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(4): p. 921-34 [PMID:16500988] Hyun Y,Lee I KIDARI, encoding a non-DNA Binding bHLH protein, represses light signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol., 2006. 61(1-2): p. 283-96 [PMID:16786307] Yang J,Wang H The central coiled-coil domain and carboxyl-terminal WD-repeat domain of Arabidopsis SPA1 are responsible for mediating repression of light signaling. Plant J., 2006. 47(4): p. 564-76 [PMID:16813572] Jang IC,Yang SW,Yang JY,Chua NH Independent and interdependent functions of LAF1 and HFR1 in phytochrome A signaling. Genes Dev., 2007. 21(16): p. 2100-11 [PMID:17699755] Park HJ,Ding L,Dai M,Lin R,Wang H Multisite phosphorylation of Arabidopsis HFR1 by casein kinase II and a plausible role in regulating its degradation rate. J. Biol. Chem., 2008. 283(34): p. 23264-73 [PMID:18556661] Zhang XN, et al. HFR1 is crucial for transcriptome regulation in the cryptochrome 1-mediated early response to blue light in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS ONE, 2008. 3(10): p. e3563 [PMID:18974779] Yang SW,Jang IC,Henriques R,Chua NH FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 and FHY1-LIKE associate with the Arabidopsis transcription factors LAF1 and HFR1 to transmit phytochrome A signals for inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(5): p. 1341-59 [PMID:19482971] Lorrain S,Trevisan M,Pradervand S,Fankhauser C Phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 redundantly limit seedling de-etiolation in continuous far-red light. Plant J., 2009. 60(3): p. 449-61 [PMID:19619162] Gong W, et al. The development of protein microarrays and their applications in DNA-protein and protein-protein interaction analyses of Arabidopsis transcription factors. Mol Plant, 2008. 1(1): p. 27-41 [PMID:19802365] Kneissl J,Wachtler V,Chua NH,Bolle C OWL1: an Arabidopsis J-domain protein involved in perception of very low light fluences. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(10): p. 3212-25 [PMID:19808946] Hornitschek P,Lorrain S,Zoete V,Michielin O,Fankhauser C Inhibition of the shade avoidance response by formation of non-DNA binding bHLH heterodimers. EMBO J., 2009. 28(24): p. 3893-902 [PMID:19851283] Zhang LY, et al. Antagonistic HLH/bHLH transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid regulation of cell elongation and plant development in rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(12): p. 3767-80 [PMID:20009022] Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature. Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8 [PMID:20219281] Mara CD,Huang T,Irish VF The Arabidopsis floral homeotic proteins APETALA3 and PISTILLATA negatively regulate the BANQUO genes implicated in light signaling. Plant Cell, 2010. 22(3): p. 690-702 [PMID:20305124] Pokhilko A, et al. Ubiquitin ligase switch in plant photomorphogenesis: A hypothesis. J. Theor. Biol., 2011. 270(1): p. 31-41 [PMID:21093457] Galstyan A,Cifuentes-Esquivel N,Bou-Torrent J,Martinez-Garcia JF The shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis: a fundamental role for atypical basic helix-loop-helix proteins as transcriptional cofactors. Plant J., 2011. 66(2): p. 258-67 [PMID:21205034] Foreman J, et al. Light receptor action is critical for maintaining plant biomass at warm ambient temperatures. Plant J., 2011. 65(3): p. 441-52 [PMID:21265897] Zhao R, et al. The Arabidopsis Ca(2+) -dependent protein kinase CPK12 negatively regulates abscisic acid signaling in seed germination and post-germination growth. New Phytol., 2011. 192(1): p. 61-73 [PMID:21692804] Bu Q,Castillon A,Chen F,Zhu L,Huq E Dimerization and blue light regulation of PIF1 interacting bHLH proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol., 2011. 77(4-5): p. 501-11 [PMID:21928113] Jang IC,Niu QW,Deng S,Zhao P,Chua NH Enhancing protein stability with retained biological function in transgenic plants. Plant J., 2012. 72(2): p. 345-54 [PMID:22631228] Li W,Dai L,Wang GL PUB13, a U-box/ARM E3 ligase, regulates plant defense, cell death, and flowering time. Plant Signal Behav, 2012. 7(8): p. 898-900 [PMID:22827949] Rolauffs S,Fackendahl P,Sahm J,Fiene G,Hoecker U Arabidopsis COP1 and SPA genes are essential for plant elongation but not for acceleration of flowering time in response to a low red light to far-red light ratio. Plant Physiol., 2012. 160(4): p. 2015-27 [PMID:23093358] Hong SY, et al. A competitive peptide inhibitor KIDARI negatively regulates HFR1 by forming nonfunctional heterodimers in Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis. Mol. Cells, 2013. 35(1): p. 25-31 [PMID:23224238] Jang IC,Henriques R,Chua NH Three transcription factors, HFR1, LAF1 and HY5, regulate largely independent signaling pathways downstream of phytochrome A. Plant Cell Physiol., 2013. 54(6): p. 907-16 [PMID:23503597] Shi H, et al. HFR1 sequesters PIF1 to govern the transcriptional network underlying light-initiated seed germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2013. 25(10): p. 3770-84 [PMID:24179122] Ding Y, et al. Four distinct types of dehydration stress memory genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol., 2013. 13: p. 229 [PMID:24377444] Liu Y,Liu Q,Yan Q,Shi L,Fang Y Nucleolus-tethering system (NoTS) reveals that assembly of photobodies follows a self-organization model. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2014. 25(8): p. 1366-73 [PMID:24554768] Bou-Torrent J, et al. Plant proximity perception dynamically modulates hormone levels and sensitivity in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 2014. 65(11): p. 2937-47 [PMID:24609653] Luo Q, et al. COP1 and phyB Physically Interact with PIL1 to Regulate Its Stability and Photomorphogenic Development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2014. 26(6): p. 2441-2456 [PMID:24951480] Adams E,Diaz C,Hong JP,Shin R 14-3-3 proteins participate in light signaling through association with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs. Int J Mol Sci, 2014. 15(12): p. 22801-14 [PMID:25501334] Sheerin DJ, et al. Light-activated phytochrome A and B interact with members of the SPA family to promote photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis by reorganizing the COP1/SPA complex. Plant Cell, 2015. 27(1): p. 189-201 [PMID:25627066] Karumuri S,Bandopadhyay R In silico analysis of the structure and interaction of COP1 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 2014. 51(5): p. 343-9 [PMID:25630103] Tan CM, et al. Arabidopsis HFR1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD(Xcc8004). PLoS ONE, 2015. 10(2): p. e0117067 [PMID:25647296] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Shi H, et al. Arabidopsis DET1 degrades HFR1 but stabilizes PIF1 to precisely regulate seed germination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2015. 112(12): p. 3817-22 [PMID:25775589] Singh SP,Singh SP,Pandey T,Singh RR,Sawant SV A novel male sterility-fertility restoration system in plants for hybrid seed production. Sci Rep, 2015. 5: p. 11274 [PMID:26073981] Bou-Torrent J, et al. Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis by Shade Relies on Specific Subsets of Antagonistic Transcription Factors and Cofactors. Plant Physiol., 2015. 169(3): p. 1584-94 [PMID:26082398] Pacín M,Semmoloni M,Legris M,Finlayson SA,Casal JJ Convergence of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR signalling during shade avoidance. New Phytol., 2016. 211(3): p. 967-79 [PMID:27105120] Hayes S, et al. UV-B Perceived by the UVR8 Photoreceptor Inhibits Plant Thermomorphogenesis. Curr. Biol., 2017. 27(1): p. 120-127 [PMID:27989670] Kasulin L, et al. A single haplotype hyposensitive to light and requiring strong vernalization dominates Arabidopsis thaliana populations in Patagonia, Argentina. Mol. Ecol., 2017. 26(13): p. 3389-3404 [PMID:28316114] Xu X, et al. Reciprocal proteasome-mediated degradation of PIFs and HFR1 underlies photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis. Development, 2017. 144(10): p. 1831-1840 [PMID:28420710] Woloszynska M, et al. The Elongator complex regulates hypocotyl growth in darkness and during photomorphogenesis. J. Cell. Sci., 2019. [PMID:28720596] Yan J, et al. Arabidopsis Pollen Fertility Requires the Transcription Factors CITF1 and SPL7 That Regulate Copper Delivery to Anthers and Jasmonic Acid Synthesis. Plant Cell, 2017. 29(12): p. 3012-3029 [PMID:29114014] Singh M,Gupta A,Singh D,Khurana JP,Laxmi A Arabidopsis RSS1 Mediates Cross-Talk Between Glucose and Light Signaling During Hypocotyl Elongation Growth. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 16101 [PMID:29170398] Li R, et al. Nitric oxide promotes light-initiated seed germination by repressing PIF1 expression and stabilizing HFR1. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2018. 123: p. 204-212 [PMID:29248678]