PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Klebsormidium flaccidum
HD-ZIP Family
Species TF ID Description
kfl00081_0170HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00130_0250HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00202_0020HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00223_0090HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00373_0100HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00396_0130HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00466_0010HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00862_0040HD-ZIP family protein
kfl00914_0040HD-ZIP family protein
HD-ZIP Family Introduction

A homeobox (HB) encodes a protein domain, the homeodomain (HD), which is a conserved 60-amino acid motif present in transcription factors found in all the eukaryotic organisms. This 60-amino acid sequence folds into a characteristic three-helix structure that is able to interact specifically with DNA. Most HDs are able to bind DNA as monomers with high affinity, through interactions made by helix III (the so-called recognition helix) and a disordered N-terminal arm located beyond helix I. The high degree of conservation of this type of domain among diverse proteins from different kingdoms indicates that this structure is crucial to maintain the HD functionality and that the role played by this domain is vital.

Members of the HD-Zip family have a leucine zipper motif (LZ) immediately downstream of the HD. The two motifs are present in transcription factors found in species belonging to other eukaryotic kingdoms, but their association in a single protein is unique to plants. The HD is responsible for the specific binding to DNA, whereas LZ acts as a dimerization motif. HD-Zip proteins bind to DNA as dimers, and the absence of LZ absolutely abolishes their binding ability, which indicates that the relative orientation of the monomers, driven by this motif, is crucial for an efficient recognition of DNA.

Ariel FD, Manavella PA, Dezar CA, Chan RL.
The true story of the HD-Zip family.
Trends Plant Sci, 2007. 12(9): p. 419-26.
PMID: 17698401