PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
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(e.g., LFY)
Transcription Factor Information
Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence | 
Basic Information? help Back to Top
TF ID GRMZM2G162450_P01
Common NamebHLH22, ZEAMMB73_670143, Zm.129349
Organism
Zea mays
Taxonomic ID
Taxonomic Lineage
cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; Liliopsida; Petrosaviidae; commelinids; Poales; Poaceae; PACMAD clade; Panicoideae; Andropogonodae; Andropogoneae; Tripsacinae; Zea
Family bHLH
Protein Properties Length: 420aa    MW: 45121.4 Da    PI: 5.1824
Description bHLH family protein
Gene Model
Gene Model ID Type Source Coding Sequence
GRMZM2G162450_P01genomeMaizeSequenceView CDS
Signature Domain? help Back to Top
Signature Domain
No. Domain Score E-value Start End HMM Start HMM End
1HLH41.32.7e-13182233155
                        CHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS
                HLH   1 rrrahnerErrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 
                        +r++h ++Er+RR+++N+ +  Lr+l+P +   + ++ + a+i   A+e+I++L+
  GRMZM2G162450_P01 182 QRMTHIAVERNRRRQMNEYLRILRSLMPGS---YVQRGDQASIIGGAIEFIRELE 233
                        79****************************...9******************996 PP
Protein Features ? help Back to Top
3D Structure
Database Entry ID E-value Start End InterPro ID Description
Gene3DG3DSA:4.10.280.102.5E-13180236IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
CDDcd000832.49E-14180237No hitNo description
PROSITE profilePS5088815.847181232IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SuperFamilySSF474599.68E-17181247IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
PfamPF000101.1E-10182233IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SMARTSM003531.0E-9187238IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
PROSITE profilePS516719.185346420IPR002912ACT domain
Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term GO Category GO Description
GO:0010377Biological Processguard cell fate commitment
GO:0045597Biological Processpositive regulation of cell differentiation
GO:0045893Biological Processpositive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0051782Biological Processnegative regulation of cell division
GO:0005634Cellular Componentnucleus
GO:0003677Molecular FunctionDNA binding
GO:0016597Molecular Functionamino acid binding
GO:0046983Molecular Functionprotein dimerization activity
Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence    Length: 420 aa     Download sequence    Send to blast
MDKEQQESHL DSFAPLDGAA APEDQQHQPA CGGGPEMVDY MLGRHHVNAH APPSPTQSQA  60
VSFDKLSFSD VLQFADFGPK LALNHPVAAS VGGGEDADAD DDDDGYFFRF QSLPQRHADR  120
EAAGSKTTAE DGGGTGVVVS EGTTLVQQQA DHGRADKAGD QGKSGRRKRP RTVKTSEEVE  180
SQRMTHIAVE RNRRRQMNEY LRILRSLMPG SYVQRGDQAS IIGGAIEFIR ELEQLIQCLE  240
SQKRRRLYGG SGDAPRPPVV DAAAGSGGAL ITSSTQPLAL QPPHLFPPTP SHPFPVAGAD  300
AKITLDLEAA GGAVVDDAGG GLREEVAENK SCLADIEVRA LGADAMIKIL SRRRPGQLIK  360
TIAALEDMQM SILHTNITTI EQTVLYSFNV KIVGEARYSA EDIAGAVHQI LSFIDVNYSL
Nucleic Localization Signal ? help Back to Top
NLS
No. Start End Sequence
1182193RMTHIAVERNRR
2242246KRRRL
Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source ID
Expression AtlasGRMZM2G162450
Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniprotDEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Not expressed in meristemoids, but strongly expressed in guard mother cells (GMCs) and in young guard cells (at protein level) (PubMed:17088607). Expressed at the transition to terminal stomatal differentiation, just before and after the symmetric division of stomatal differentiation, being confined to late-stage GMC and to young, still differentiating guard cells (PubMed:24571519). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17088607, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24571519}.
UniprotTISSUE SPECIFICITY: Resctricted to stomatal cell lineages (at protein level). Expressed in roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12679534, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17088607}.
Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtTranscription activator (PubMed:17088607, PubMed:17183265, PubMed:17183267). Together with MYB88 and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity (PubMed:24571519). Together with SPCH and MUTE, regulates the stomata formation. Required to promote differentiation and morphogenesis of stomatal guard cells and to halt proliferative divisions in their immediate precursors. Mediates the formation of stomata (PubMed:17088607, PubMed:17183265, PubMed:17183267). Prevents histone H3K27me3 marks and derepresses stem cell gene expression (PubMed:24654956). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17088607, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17183267, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24571519, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24654956}.
Cis-element ? help Back to Top
SourceLink
PlantRegMapGRMZM2G162450_P01
Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtINDUCTION: Inhibited by low relative humidity (LRH) via epigenetic CG methylation, thus leading to a reduced stomatal index. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22442411}.
Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source Upstream Regulator Target Gene
PlantRegMapRetrieve-
Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
GenBankKJ7277500.0KJ727750.1 Zea mays clone pUT5691 bHLH transcription factor (bHLH22) mRNA, partial cds.
Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
RefseqXP_008656086.10.0transcription factor FAMA isoform X1
SwissprotQ56YJ81e-114FAMA_ARATH; Transcription factor FAMA
TrEMBLA0A3L6DLR80.0A0A3L6DLR8_MAIZE; Transcription factor FAMA
TrEMBLK7UXU60.0K7UXU6_MAIZE; BHLH transcription factor (Fragment)
STRINGGRMZM2G162450_P010.0(Zea mays)
Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
LineageOrthologous Group IDTaxa NumberGene Number
MonocotsOGMP95023340
Representative plantOGRP25315131
Best hit in Arabidopsis thaliana ? help Back to Top
Hit ID E-value Description
AT3G24140.11e-106bHLH family protein
Publications ? help Back to Top
  1. Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH
    Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature.
    Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8
    [PMID:20219281]
  2. Matos JL, et al.
    Irreversible fate commitment in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage requires a FAMA and RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED module.
    Elife, 2015.
    [PMID:25303364]
  3. Chen L, et al.
    NRPB3, the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, is essential for stomatal patterning and differentiation in Arabidopsis.
    Development, 2016. 143(9): p. 1600-11
    [PMID:26989174]
  4. Lee JH,Jung JH,Park CM
    Light Inhibits COP1-Mediated Degradation of ICE Transcription Factors to Induce Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell, 2017. 29(11): p. 2817-2830
    [PMID:29070509]
  5. Han X, et al.
    Jasmonate Negatively Regulates Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis Cotyledons.
    Plant Physiol., 2018. 176(4): p. 2871-2885
    [PMID:29496884]
  6. Li X,Yang R,Chen H
    The Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit MED8 regulates plant immunity to Botrytis Cinerea through interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor FAMA.
    PLoS ONE, 2018. 13(3): p. e0193458
    [PMID:29513733]