PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Transcription Factor Information
Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence | 
Basic Information? help Back to Top
TF ID GRMZM2G085751_P01
Common NamebHLH24, LOC100194372, ZEAMMB73_451356
Organism
Taxonomic ID
Taxonomic Lineage
cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; Liliopsida; Petrosaviidae; commelinids; Poales; Poaceae; PACMAD clade; Panicoideae; Andropogonodae; Andropogoneae; Tripsacinae; Zea
Family bHLH
Protein Properties Length: 375aa    MW: 39426.5 Da    PI: 8.9644
Description bHLH family protein
Gene Model
Gene Model ID Type Source Coding Sequence
GRMZM2G085751_P01genomeMaizeSequenceView CDS
Signature Domain? help Back to Top
Signature Domain
No. Domain Score E-value Start End HMM Start HMM End
1HLH42.11.6e-13112162255
                        HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS
                HLH   2 rrahnerErrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 
                        +++h  +Er+RR+++N+ ++ Lr+l+P     + k+ + a+i   +v+YIk+Lq
  GRMZM2G085751_P01 112 KMSHITVERNRRKQMNEHLAVLRSLMPCF---YVKRGDQASIIGGVVDYIKELQ 162
                        789*************************9...9********************9 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top
3D Structure
Database Entry ID E-value Start End InterPro ID Description
CDDcd000833.57E-13108166No hitNo description
PROSITE profilePS5088815.237110161IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SuperFamilySSF474593.53E-17110183IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene3DG3DSA:4.10.280.107.7E-13111164IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
PfamPF000109.1E-11112162IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SMARTSM003533.0E-11116167IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term GO Category GO Description
GO:0003677Molecular FunctionDNA binding
GO:0046983Molecular Functionprotein dimerization activity
Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term PO Category PO Description
PO:0006339anatomyjuvenile vascular leaf
PO:0006340anatomyadult vascular leaf
PO:0006341anatomyprimary shoot system
PO:0008018anatomytransition vascular leaf
PO:0009001anatomyfruit
PO:0009025anatomyvascular leaf
PO:0020040anatomyleaf base
PO:0020127anatomyprimary root
PO:0025142anatomyleaf tip
PO:0025287anatomyseedling coleoptile
PO:0001052developmental stagevascular leaf expansion stage
PO:0001053developmental stagevascular leaf post-expansion stage
PO:0007003developmental stageIL.03 full inflorescence length reached stage
PO:0007015developmental stageradicle emergence stage
PO:0007022developmental stageseed imbibition stage
PO:0007045developmental stagecoleoptile emergence stage
PO:0007063developmental stageLP.07 seven leaves visible stage
PO:0007065developmental stageLP.05 five leaves visible stage
PO:0007072developmental stageLP.18 eighteen leaves visible stage
PO:0007094developmental stageLP.01 one leaf visible stage
PO:0007101developmental stageLP.09 nine leaves visible stage
PO:0007106developmental stageLP.03 three leaves visible stage
PO:0007116developmental stageLP.11 eleven leaves visible stage
Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence    Length: 375 aa     Download sequence    Send to blast
MEDGGMCELV IGDHRNLRHR LSGAEDLFSI VGTWEERTNG ASGGGGGGGG SSAAAVRAYS  60
QGCTAGTAGA KTAAGTNNSR RRTGDEEKGG SAPAQKKHKG SSAVSDDEGA AKMSHITVER  120
NRRKQMNEHL AVLRSLMPCF YVKRGDQASI IGGVVDYIKE LQQVLRSLET KKHRKAYAEQ  180
VLSPRPLPAV KSTPPLSPHV AVPMSPRTPT PGSPYKPASG AAATTTGSCR LPHRAAAAAA  240
AYIGTPTTSS SSSSYSHDQQ RHYSTYLPTL DSLVTELAAQ AAACSRPAAS GGLTRLPDVK  300
VEFAGPNLVL KTVSHRSPGQ ALKIIAALES LPLEILHVSV STVDDTMVHS FTIKIGIECE  360
LSAEELVQEI QQTLL
Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID E-value Expressed in
Zm.322130.0cell lignification
Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source ID
Expression AtlasGRMZM2G085751
Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniprotDEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: First observed in a subset of undifferentiated epidermal cells, often by pair of neighboring cells. Later confined to small epidermal cells, including cells that have recently divided next to stomatal lineage cells. Also expressed in stomatal lineage cells, fading out progressively during meristemoid determination. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19008449}.
UniprotTISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in developing leaf epidermis (PubMed:17183265). Reduced accumulation in the stomatal lineage ground cells (SLGCs) where BASL is polarized in the cell cortex (PubMed:27746029). Observed in small cells of non-protruding hypocotyl cell files and of developing cotyledon epidermis (PubMed:22466366). Restricted to meristemoids (stomatal precursor cell) in leaves epidermis, mostly in dividing cells of non-protruding cell files (PubMed:25680231, PubMed:18641265, PubMed:19008449). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22466366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25680231, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27746029}.
Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtTranscription factor acting as an integration node for stomata and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways to control stomatal initiation and development (PubMed:22466366, PubMed:28507175). Activates transcription when in the presence of SCRM/ICE1 (PubMed:28507175). Functions as a dimer with SCRM or SCRM2 during stomatal initiation (PubMed:18641265). Required for the initiation, the spacing and the formation of stomata, by promoting the first asymmetric cell divisions (PubMed:25843888, PubMed:25680231, PubMed:19008449). Together with FMA and MUTE, modulates the stomata formation. Involved in the regulation of growth reduction under osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), associated with a quick decrease of meristemoid mother cells (MMCs) number lower stomatal index and density (PubMed:25381317). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17183267, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22466366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25381317, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25680231, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25843888, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28507175}.
Cis-element ? help Back to Top
SourceLink
PlantRegMapGRMZM2G085751_P01
Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtINDUCTION: Repressed by brassinazole (BRZ), thus leading to a reduced number of stomata in hypocotyls (PubMed:25680231). Inhibited by low relative humidity (LRH) via epigenetic CG methylation, thus leading to a reduced stomatal index (PubMed:22442411). Repressed by YDA (at protein level) (PubMed:19008449). Post-transcriptional decrease of protein level in response to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), through the action of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade; this repression is reversed by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 (PubMed:25381317). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22442411, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25381317, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25680231}.
Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source Upstream Regulator Target Gene
PlantRegMapRetrieve-
Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
GenBankBT0369010.0BT036901.1 Zea mays full-length cDNA clone ZM_BFb0146M03 mRNA, complete cds.
Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
RefseqNP_001132879.10.0uncharacterized protein LOC100194372
SwissprotQ700C72e-80SPCH_ARATH; Transcription factor SPEECHLESS
TrEMBLB4FIG30.0B4FIG3_MAIZE; BHLH transcription factor
STRINGGRMZM2G085751_P010.0(Zea mays)
Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
LineageOrthologous Group IDTaxa NumberGene Number
MonocotsOGMP34843577
Representative plantOGRP25315131
Best hit in Arabidopsis thaliana ? help Back to Top
Hit ID E-value Description
AT5G53210.12e-42bHLH family protein
Publications ? help Back to Top
  1. Casson S,Gray JE
    Influence of environmental factors on stomatal development.
    New Phytol., 2008. 178(1): p. 9-23
    [PMID:18266617]
  2. Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH
    Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature.
    Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8
    [PMID:20219281]
  3. Yang K,Jiang M,Le J
    A new loss-of-function allele 28y reveals a role of ARGONAUTE1 in limiting asymmetric division of stomatal lineage ground cell.
    J Integr Plant Biol, 2014. 56(6): p. 539-49
    [PMID:24386951]
  4. Balcerowicz M,Ranjan A,Rupprecht L,Fiene G,Hoecker U
    Auxin represses stomatal development in dark-grown seedlings via Aux/IAA proteins.
    Development, 2014. 141(16): p. 3165-76
    [PMID:25063454]
  5. Lau OS, et al.
    Direct roles of SPEECHLESS in the specification of stomatal self-renewing cells.
    Science, 2014. 345(6204): p. 1605-9
    [PMID:25190717]
  6. Davies KA,Bergmann DC
    Functional specialization of stomatal bHLHs through modification of DNA-binding and phosphoregulation potential.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2014. 111(43): p. 15585-90
    [PMID:25304637]
  7. Zhang Y,Wang P,Shao W,Zhu JK,Dong J
    The BASL polarity protein controls a MAPK signaling feedback loop in asymmetric cell division.
    Dev. Cell, 2015. 33(2): p. 136-49
    [PMID:25843888]
  8. de Marcos A, et al.
    Transcriptional profiles of Arabidopsis stomataless mutants reveal developmental and physiological features of life in the absence of stomata.
    Front Plant Sci, 2015. 6: p. 456
    [PMID:26157447]
  9. Horst RJ, et al.
    Molecular Framework of a Regulatory Circuit Initiating Two-Dimensional Spatial Patterning of Stomatal Lineage.
    PLoS Genet., 2015. 11(7): p. e1005374
    [PMID:26203655]
  10. Klermund C, et al.
    LLM-Domain B-GATA Transcription Factors Promote Stomatal Development Downstream of Light Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls.
    Plant Cell, 2016. 28(3): p. 646-60
    [PMID:26917680]
  11. Gu F, et al.
    Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate Formation in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner.
    Plant Cell, 2016. 28(7): p. 1722-37
    [PMID:27354558]
  12. Raissig MT,Abrash E,Bettadapur A,Vogel JP,Bergmann DC
    Grasses use an alternatively wired bHLH transcription factor network to establish stomatal identity.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2016. 113(29): p. 8326-31
    [PMID:27382177]
  13. Castorina G,Fox S,Tonelli C,Galbiati M,Conti L
    A novel role for STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 in stomata patterning.
    BMC Plant Biol., 2016. 16(1): p. 172
    [PMID:27484174]
  14. Fu ZW,Wang YL,Lu YT,Yuan TT
    Nitric oxide is involved in stomatal development by modulating the expression of stomatal regulator genes in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Sci., 2016. 252: p. 282-289
    [PMID:27717464]
  15. Zhang Y,Guo X,Dong J
    Phosphorylation of the Polarity Protein BASL Differentiates Asymmetric Cell Fate through MAPKs and SPCH.
    Curr. Biol., 2016. 26(21): p. 2957-2965
    [PMID:27746029]
  16. Sakai Y, et al.
    The chemical compound bubblin induces stomatal mispatterning in Arabidopsis by disrupting the intrinsic polarity of stomatal lineage cells.
    Development, 2017. 144(3): p. 499-506
    [PMID:28087627]
  17. de Marcos A, et al.
    A Mutation in the bHLH Domain of the SPCH Transcription Factor Uncovers a BR-Dependent Mechanism for Stomatal Development.
    Plant Physiol., 2017. 174(2): p. 823-842
    [PMID:28507175]
  18. Dow GJ,Berry JA,Bergmann DC
    Disruption of stomatal lineage signaling or transcriptional regulators has differential effects on mesophyll development, but maintains coordination of gas exchange.
    New Phytol., 2017. 216(1): p. 69-75
    [PMID:28833173]
  19. Lee JH,Jung JH,Park CM
    Light Inhibits COP1-Mediated Degradation of ICE Transcription Factors to Induce Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell, 2017. 29(11): p. 2817-2830
    [PMID:29070509]
  20. Zoulias N,Harrison EL,Casson SA,Gray JE
    Molecular control of stomatal development.
    Biochem. J., 2018. 475(2): p. 441-454
    [PMID:29386377]
  21. Han X, et al.
    Jasmonate Negatively Regulates Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis Cotyledons.
    Plant Physiol., 2018. 176(4): p. 2871-2885
    [PMID:29496884]
  22. Houbaert A, et al.
    POLAR-guided signalling complex assembly and localization drive asymmetric cell division.
    Nature, 2018. 563(7732): p. 574-578
    [PMID:30429609]