PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
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(e.g., LFY)
Transcription Factor Information
Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence | 
Basic Information? help Back to Top
TF ID HL.SW.v1.0.G018574.1
Common NamebHLH4
Organism
Humulus lupulus
Taxonomic ID
Taxonomic Lineage
cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; fabids; Rosales; Cannabaceae; Humulus
Family bHLH
Protein Properties Length: 639aa    MW: 71387.9 Da    PI: 6.4265
Description bHLH family protein
Gene Model
Gene Model ID Type Source Coding Sequence
HL.SW.v1.0.G018574.1genomeHOPBASEView CDS
Signature Domain? help Back to Top
Signature Domain
No. Domain Score E-value Start End HMM Start HMM End
1HLH45.21.7e-14439485455
                           HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS
                   HLH   4 ahnerErrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 
                           +h ++Er+RR+r+N++f+ L+ ++P++      K +K++iL  A++Y+k+L+
  HL.SW.v1.0.G018574.1 439 NHAIAERKRRERLNEKFSILKGMVPSL-----SKEDKVSILDDAIQYLKELE 485
                           89************************8.....6****************996 PP
Protein Features ? help Back to Top
3D Structure
Database Entry ID E-value Start End InterPro ID Description
PfamPF142156.9E-4918193IPR025610Transcription factor MYC/MYB N-terminal
PROSITE profilePS5088816.469435484IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SuperFamilySSF474591.83E-17437500IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
CDDcd000832.20E-13438489No hitNo description
PfamPF000105.1E-12439485IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene3DG3DSA:4.10.280.101.6E-17439498IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SMARTSM003531.9E-13441490IPR011598Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term GO Category GO Description
GO:0009957Biological Processepidermal cell fate specification
GO:0010091Biological Processtrichome branching
GO:0005634Cellular Componentnucleus
GO:0046983Molecular Functionprotein dimerization activity
Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence    Length: 639 aa     Download sequence    Send to blast
MATGLQNEEG LPQLNNFKKQ LALAVRSIQW SYAIFWSISS TQPGVLEWGD GYYNGDIKTR  60
KTIQAMELNA DQMGFQRSEQ LRELFESLSA GETSPQAKRP SAALSPEDLS EAEWYYLVCM  120
SFVFNIGQGL PGRTLANGQP IWLYNAHYAE SKVFGRSLLA KTVVCFPITG GVIELGTTDL  180
VREDHAIIQR VKMSISDTPH PLASSKKSNF RAGSIRNGQG FACAMLDYDF LNNNSIPVVI  240
HGEENLSSPS SSSNGLEPNQ PGDDSLMVEG INGAASQVQS WQIMDDELSN CVLHSLDSSD  300
CISQTLVNHE RVEPDPIYEL VDEHPLQDLQ DCNHIKMSPL DLQTKDLHYQ GVLSTVLKSS  360
HQLILGTHHK KLHQESSFVS WKKGMFHKLL KPRGTPQNLV KKILYEVPQM HLNRTVDSLE  420
DNSIGSGVWR PEADEIGMNH AIAERKRRER LNEKFSILKG MVPSLSKEDK VSILDDAIQY  480
LKELEKRVEE LESSKDSTDV EPRTTKRKPQ DAREGTSDNY RKKKISSGSK QLMNKRKACD  540
INEVEPEKNH YVSKECSVDN VAVNMKNKDV IIEIRCPWRE GVLLEIMDTL SNLQLDSHSV  600
QSSTMDGVIS LTIKSMIKGS SSSTAATIKK ALQKIAWT*
3D Structure ? help Back to Top
Structure
PDB ID Evalue Query Start Query End Hit Start Hit End Description
4rqw_A1e-14121922189Transcription factor MYC3
4rqw_B1e-14121922189Transcription factor MYC3
4rs9_A1e-14121922189Transcription factor MYC3
4yz6_A1e-14121922189Transcription factor MYC3
5t0f_A1e-14121912188Transcription factor MYC3
5t0q_A1e-14121912188Transcription factor MYC3
Search in ModeBase
Nucleic Localization Signal ? help Back to Top
NLS
No. Start End Sequence
1443448ERKRRE
2505523KRKPQDAREGTSDNYRKKK
Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtTranscription activator, when associated with MYB75/PAP1, MYB90/PAP2 or TT2. Involved in epidermal cell fate specification. Regulates negatively stomata formation, but, in association with TTG1 and MYB0/GL1, promotes trichome formation, branching and endoreplication. Regulates also trichome cell wall maturation. Together with MYB66/WER, promotes the formation of non-hair cells in root epidermis cells in the N position. Whereas together with CPC, promotes the formation of hair cells in root epidermis cells in the H position by inhibiting non-hair cell formation. Seems also to play a role in the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, probably together with MYB75/PAP1. Activates the transcription of GL2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11063707, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12917293, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12956536, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14561633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14627722, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361138, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15590742}.
Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtINDUCTION: By nitrogen deficiency and UV light. Negatively regulated by MYB66/WER, GL3 and BHLH2 in the developing non-hair cells, and positively regulated by CPC and TRY in the developing hair cells. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12679534, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15590742, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17053893}.
Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source Upstream Regulator Target Gene
PlantRegMapRetrieve-
Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
GenBankHG9833360.0HG983336.1 Humulus lupulus mRNA for bHLH transcription factor (bHLH4 gene), cultivar Osvald's 72, clone 4177.
Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
RefseqXP_021820872.10.0transcription factor EGL1
SwissprotQ9FN690.0GL3_ARATH; Transcription factor GLABRA 3
TrEMBLA0A0D6DR070.0A0A0D6DR07_HUMLU; BHLH transcription factor
STRINGEMJ102390.0(Prunus persica)
Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
LineageOrthologous Group IDTaxa NumberGene Number
FabidsOGEF24443463
Best hit in Arabidopsis thaliana ? help Back to Top
Hit ID E-value Description
AT5G41315.11e-179bHLH family protein
Publications ? help Back to Top
  1. Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH
    Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature.
    Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8
    [PMID:20219281]
  2. Liu Z,Shi MZ,Xie DY
    Regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana red pap1-D cells metabolically programmed by auxins.
    Planta, 2014. 239(4): p. 765-81
    [PMID:24370633]
  3. Nemie-Feyissa D,Olafsdottir SM,Heidari B,Lillo C
    Nitrogen depletion and small R3-MYB transcription factors affecting anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves.
    Phytochemistry, 2014. 98: p. 34-40
    [PMID:24388610]
  4. Nayidu NK, et al.
    Comparison of five major trichome regulatory genes in Brassica villosa with orthologues within the Brassicaceae.
    PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(4): p. e95877
    [PMID:24755905]
  5. Wada T,Kunihiro A,Tominaga-Wada R
    Arabidopsis CAPRICE (MYB) and GLABRA3 (bHLH) control tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) anthocyanin biosynthesis.
    PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(9): p. e109093
    [PMID:25268379]
  6. Ranocha P,Francoz E,Burlat V,Dunand C
    Expression of PRX36, PMEI6 and SBT1.7 is controlled by complex transcription factor regulatory networks for proper seed coat mucilage extrusion.
    Plant Signal Behav, 2014. 9(11): p. e977734
    [PMID:25531128]
  7. Sun L, et al.
    GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS3 (GIS3) regulates trichome initiation and development in Arabidopsis.
    New Phytol., 2015. 206(1): p. 220-30
    [PMID:25640859]
  8. Nemie-Feyissa D,Heidari B,Blaise M,Lillo C
    Analysis of interactions between heterologously produced bHLH and MYB proteins that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis: quantitative interaction kinetics by Microscale Thermophoresis.
    Phytochemistry, 2015. 111: p. 21-6
    [PMID:25659750]
  9. Yu D, et al.
    RPN1a, a subunit of the 26S proteasome, controls trichome development in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2015. 88: p. 82-8
    [PMID:25676129]
  10. Huang M,Hu Y,Liu X,Li Y,Hou X
    Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 controls cell fate determination during post-embryonic development.
    Front Plant Sci, 2015. 6: p. 955
    [PMID:26579186]
  11. Dai X, et al.
    A single amino acid substitution in the R3 domain of GLABRA1 leads to inhibition of trichome formation in Arabidopsis without affecting its interaction with GLABRA3.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2016. 39(4): p. 897-907
    [PMID:26667588]
  12. Pan Y,Bo K,Cheng Z,Weng Y
    The loss-of-function GLABROUS 3 mutation in cucumber is due to LTR-retrotransposon insertion in a class IV HD-ZIP transcription factor gene CsGL3 that is epistatic over CsGL1.
    BMC Plant Biol., 2015. 15: p. 302
    [PMID:26714637]
  13. Alahakoon UI, et al.
    Hairy Canola (Brasssica napus) re-visited: Down-regulating TTG1 in an AtGL3-enhanced hairy leaf background improves growth, leaf trichome coverage, and metabolite gene expression diversity.
    BMC Plant Biol., 2016. 16: p. 12
    [PMID:26739276]
  14. Zheng K, et al.
    Ectopic expression of R3 MYB transcription factor gene OsTCL1 in Arabidopsis, but not rice, affects trichome and root hair formation.
    Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 19254
    [PMID:26758286]
  15. Shangguan XX,Yang CQ,Zhang XF,Wang LJ
    Functional characterization of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor GhDEL65 from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).
    Physiol Plant, 2016. 158(2): p. 200-12
    [PMID:27080593]
  16. Petridis A,Döll S,Nichelmann L,Bilger W,Mock HP
    Arabidopsis thaliana G2-LIKE FLAVONOID REGULATOR and BRASSINOSTEROID ENHANCED EXPRESSION1 are low-temperature regulators of flavonoid accumulation.
    New Phytol., 2016. 211(3): p. 912-25
    [PMID:27125220]
  17. Gao C, et al.
    Genome-wide identification of GLABRA3 downstream genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in Arabidopsis.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2017. 485(2): p. 360-365
    [PMID:28216162]
  18. Friede A, et al.
    The Second Intron Is Essential for the Transcriptional Control of the Arabidopsis thaliana GLABRA3 Gene in Leaves.
    Front Plant Sci, 2017. 8: p. 1382
    [PMID:28848584]
  19. Gao C, et al.
    Brassica napusGLABRA3-1 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in true leaves when expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2018. 20(1): p. 3-9
    [PMID:28940939]
  20. Wen J, et al.
    The C-terminal domains of Arabidopsis GL3/EGL3/TT8 interact with JAZ proteins and mediate dimeric interactions.
    Plant Signal Behav, 2018. 13(1): p. e1422460
    [PMID:29293407]
  21. Kim SY,Hyoung S,So WM,Shin JS
    The novel transcription factor TRP interacts with ZFP5, a trichome initiation-related transcription factor, and negatively regulates trichome initiation through gibberellic acid signaling.
    Plant Mol. Biol., 2018. 96(3): p. 315-326
    [PMID:29335898]