PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT5G53210.1

Common Name

BHLH98, EN19, MFH8.15, SPCH

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

bHLH

Protein Properties

Length: 364aa MW: 40169.4 Da PI: 4.9835

Description

bHLH family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT5G53210.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	HLH	40.7	4.3e-13	100	151	1	55
CHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS HLH 1 rrrahnerErrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 ++++h +Er+RR+++N+ + Lr+l+P + k+ + a+i +veYI++Lq AT5G53210.1 100 QKMSHVTVERNRRKQMNEHLTVLRSLMPCF---YVKRGDQASIIGGVVEYISELQ 151 6899***********************9...9******************9 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
CDD	cd00083	2.82E-12	97	155	No hit	No description
Gene3D	G3DSA:4.10.280.10	4.8E-13	98	154	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SuperFamily	SSF47459	1.83E-17	98	175	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
PROSITE profile	PS50888	14.939	99	150	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Pfam	PF00010	2.0E-10	100	151	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SMART	SM00353	6.0E-11	105	156	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0010374	Biological Process	stomatal complex development
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0046983	Molecular Function	protein dimerization activity

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000017	anatomy	vascular leaf primordium
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0006016	anatomy	leaf epidermis
PO:0009006	anatomy	shoot system
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 364 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MQEIIPDFLE ECEFVDTSLA GDDLFAILES LEGAGEISPT AASTPKDGTT SSKELVKDQD 60 YENSSPKRKK QRLETRKEED EEEEDGDGEA EEDNKQDGQQ KMSHVTVERN RRKQMNEHLT 120 VLRSLMPCFY VKRGDQASII GGVVEYISEL QQVLQSLEAK KQRKTYAEVL SPRVVPSPRP 180 SPPVLSPRKP PLSPRINHHQ IHHHLLLPPI SPRTPQPTSP YRAIPPQLPL IPQPPLRSYS 240 SLASCSSLGD PPPYSPASSS SSPSVSSNHE SSVINELVAN SKSALADVEV KFSGANVLLK 300 TVSHKIPGQV MKIIAALEDL ALEILQVNIN TVDETMLNSF TIKIGIECQL SAEELAQQIQ 360 QTFC

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 364 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MQEIIPDFLE ECEFVDTSLA GDDLFAILES LEGAGEISPT AASTPKDGTT SSKELVKDQD  60
YENSSPKRKK QRLETRKEED EEEEDGDGEA EEDNKQDGQQ KMSHVTVERN RRKQMNEHLT  120
VLRSLMPCFY VKRGDQASII GGVVEYISEL QQVLQSLEAK KQRKTYAEVL SPRVVPSPRP  180
SPPVLSPRKP PLSPRINHHQ IHHHLLLPPI SPRTPQPTSP YRAIPPQLPL IPQPPLRSYS  240
SLASCSSLGD PPPYSPASSS SSPSVSSNHE SSVINELVAN SKSALADVEV KFSGANVLLK  300
TVSHKIPGQV MKIIAALEDL ALEILQVNIN TVDETMLNSF TIKIGIECQL SAEELAQQIQ  360
QTFC

Nucleic Localization Signal ? help Back to Top

No.	Start	End	Sequence
1	66	76	KRKKQRLETRK

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
Genevisible	248247_at	1e-158
Expression Atlas	AT5G53210	-
AtGenExpress	AT5G53210	-
ATTED-II	AT5G53210	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: First observed in a subset of undifferentiated epidermal cells, often by pair of neighboring cells. Later confined to small epidermal cells, including cells that have recently divided next to stomatal lineage cells. Also expressed in stomatal lineage cells, fading out progressively during meristemoid determination. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449}.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in developing leaf epidermis (PubMed:17183265). Reduced accumulation in the stomatal lineage ground cells (SLGCs) where BASL is polarized in the cell cortex (PubMed:27746029). Observed in small cells of non-protruding hypocotyl cell files and of developing cotyledon epidermis (PubMed:22466366). Restricted to meristemoids (stomatal precursor cell) in leaves epidermis, mostly in dividing cells of non-protruding cell files (PubMed:25680231, PubMed:18641265, PubMed:19008449). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22466366, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25680231, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27746029}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is necessary and sufficient for the asymmetric divisions that establish the stomatal lineage in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of SPCH in young epidermal cells allows these cells to make asymmetric divisions. SPCH is a substrate of a kinase MPK3 and MPK6.
UniProt	Transcription factor acting as an integration node for stomata and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways to control stomatal initiation and development (PubMed:22466366, PubMed:28507175). Activates transcription when in the presence of SCRM/ICE1 (PubMed:28507175). Functions as a dimer with SCRM or SCRM2 during stomatal initiation (PubMed:18641265). Required for the initiation, the spacing and the formation of stomata, by promoting the first asymmetric cell divisions (PubMed:25843888, PubMed:25680231, PubMed:19008449). Together with FMA and MUTE, modulates the stomata formation. Involved in the regulation of growth reduction under osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), associated with a quick decrease of meristemoid mother cells (MMCs) number lower stomatal index and density (PubMed:25381317). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17183267, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18641265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22466366, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25381317, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25680231, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25843888, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28507175}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
regulates cell-cell interaction involved in stomatal development. [PMID: 18453151] study found that a unique domain in basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) stomatal initiating factor, SPEECHLESS, renders it a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation target in vitro and modulates its function in vivo [PMID: 19008449] findings show that limited stem cell behavior of stomatal precursors depends on maintenance of the SPEECHLESS transcription factor in single daughter cells [PMID: 21903812] Low humidity induces DNA methylation and transcription repression of SPCH and FAMA. [PMID: 22442411] demonstrate that through phosphorylation inputs from both MAPKs and BIN2, SPCH serves as an integration node for stomata and BR signalling pathways to control stomatal development in Arabidopsis [PMID: 22466366] EPF1 and EPF2 are able to activate the MAP kinase MPK6, and that both EPF1 and EPF2 are able to decrease the SPCH level, whereas stomagen is able to increase it. [PMID: 23686240] Arabidopsis reduces growth under stress by integrating the osmotic stress signal into the MAPK-SPEECHLESS core developmental pathway. [PMID: 25381317] Phosphorylation at Serine 186 is positively required for SPCH function in regulating stomatal development. [PMID: 25680231] BASL polarization leads to elevated nuclear MPK6 signaling and lowered SPCH abundance in one of the two daughter cells. Therefore, two daughter cells are differentiated by BASL polarity-mediated differential suppression of SPCH, which may provide developmental plasticity in plant stem cell asymmetric cell division. [PMID: 27746029] SPCH role in stomatal development [PMID: 28507175] The expression regulation of ERECTA and SPEECHLESS gene families are critical for molecular control of stomatal development. (Review) [PMID: 29386377]

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT5G53210.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Repressed by brassinazole (BRZ), thus leading to a reduced number of stomata in hypocotyls (PubMed:25680231). Inhibited by low relative humidity (LRH) via epigenetic CG methylation, thus leading to a reduced stomatal index (PubMed:22442411). Repressed by YDA (at protein level) (PubMed:19008449). Post-transcriptional decrease of protein level in response to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), through the action of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade; this repression is reversed by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 (PubMed:25381317). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19008449, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22442411, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25381317, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25680231}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G12860 (A), AT3G26744 (A)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT3G26744(A)

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G12860

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT5G53210

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	DQ868373	0.0	DQ868373.1 Arabidopsis thaliana SPEECHLESS (SPCH) mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_200133.2	0.0	basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
Swissprot	Q700C7	0.0	SPCH_ARATH; Transcription factor SPEECHLESS
TrEMBL	A0A178UF96	0.0	A0A178UF96_ARATH; SPCH
STRING	AT5G53210.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM7895	27	40
Representative plant	OGRP253	15	131

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT5G53210.1
Entrez Gene	835402
iHOP	AT5G53210
wikigenes	AT5G53210

Publications ? help Back to Top
Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Heim MA, et al. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family in plants: a genome-wide study of protein structure and functional diversity. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2003. 20(5): p. 735-47 [PMID:12679534] Toledo-Ortiz G,Huq E,Quail PH The Arabidopsis basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(8): p. 1749-70 [PMID:12897250] Bailey PC, et al. Update on the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(11): p. 2497-502 [PMID:14600211] Gong W, et al. Genome-wide ORFeome cloning and analysis of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(2): p. 773-82 [PMID:15208423] MacAlister CA,Ohashi-Ito K,Bergmann DC Transcription factor control of asymmetric cell divisions that establish the stomatal lineage. Nature, 2007. 445(7127): p. 537-40 [PMID:17183265] Pillitteri LJ,Sloan DB,Bogenschutz NL,Torii KU Termination of asymmetric cell division and differentiation of stomata. Nature, 2007. 445(7127): p. 501-5 [PMID:17183267] Gray JE Plant development: three steps for stomata. Curr. Biol., 2007. 17(6): p. R213-5 [PMID:17371761] Pillitteri LJ,Torii KU Breaking the silence: three bHLH proteins direct cell-fate decisions during stomatal development. Bioessays, 2007. 29(9): p. 861-70 [PMID:17691100] Serna L bHLH proteins know when to make a stoma. Trends Plant Sci., 2007. 12(11): p. 483-5 [PMID:17928257] Casson S,Gray JE Influence of environmental factors on stomatal development. New Phytol., 2008. 178(1): p. 9-23 [PMID:18266617] Ohashi-Ito K [Three bHLH master regulators and cell-cell interaction involved in stomatal development] Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso, 2008. 53(6): p. 747-52 [PMID:18453151] Kanaoka MM, et al. SCREAM/ICE1 and SCREAM2 specify three cell-state transitional steps leading to arabidopsis stomatal differentiation. Plant Cell, 2008. 20(7): p. 1775-85 [PMID:18641265] Macgregor DR,Deak KI,Ingram PA,Malamy JE Root system architecture in Arabidopsis grown in culture is regulated by sucrose uptake in the aerial tissues. Plant Cell, 2008. 20(10): p. 2643-60 [PMID:18952782] Lampard GR,Macalister CA,Bergmann DC Arabidopsis stomatal initiation is controlled by MAPK-mediated regulation of the bHLH SPEECHLESS. Science, 2008. 322(5904): p. 1113-6 [PMID:19008449] Serna L Emerging parallels between stomatal and muscle cell lineages. Plant Physiol., 2009. 149(4): p. 1625-31 [PMID:19201912] Liu T,Ohashi-Ito K,Bergmann DC Orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal bHLH genes and regulation of stomatal development in grasses. Development, 2009. 136(13): p. 2265-76 [PMID:19502487] Serna L Cell fate transitions during stomatal development. Bioessays, 2009. 31(8): p. 865-73 [PMID:19565615] Torii KU,Kanaoka MM,Pillitteri LJ,Bogenschutz NL Stomatal development: three steps for cell-type differentiation. Plant Signal Behav, 2007. 2(4): p. 311-3 [PMID:19704632] Kang CY,Lian HL,Wang FF,Huang JR,Yang HQ Cryptochromes, phytochromes, and COP1 regulate light-controlled stomatal development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(9): p. 2624-41 [PMID:19794114] Lampard GR The missing link?: Arabidopsis SPCH is a MAPK specificity factor that controls entry into the stomatal lineage. Plant Signal Behav, 2009. 4(5): p. 425-7 [PMID:19816100] Peterson KM,Rychel AL,Torii KU Out of the mouths of plants: the molecular basis of the evolution and diversity of stomatal development. Plant Cell, 2010. 22(2): p. 296-306 [PMID:20179138] Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature. Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8 [PMID:20219281] MacAlister CA,Bergmann DC Sequence and function of basic helix-loop-helix proteins required for stomatal development in Arabidopsis are deeply conserved in land plants. Evol. Dev., 2011 Mar-Apr. 13(2): p. 182-92 [PMID:21410874] Serna L Stomatal development in Arabidopsis and grasses: differences and commonalities. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2011. 55(1): p. 5-10 [PMID:21425077] Robinson S, et al. Generation of spatial patterns through cell polarity switching. Science, 2011. 333(6048): p. 1436-40 [PMID:21903812] Pillitteri LJ,Peterson KM,Horst RJ,Torii KU Molecular profiling of stomatal meristemoids reveals new component of asymmetric cell division and commonalities among stem cell populations in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2011. 23(9): p. 3260-75 [PMID:21963668] Yang J,Isabel Ordiz M,Jaworski JG,Beachy RN Induced accumulation of cuticular waxes enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by changes in development of stomata. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2011. 49(12): p. 1448-55 [PMID:22078383] Iwata E, et al. GIGAS CELL1, a novel negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, is required for proper mitotic progression and cell fate determination in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2011. 23(12): p. 4382-93 [PMID:22167058] Tricker PJ,Gibbings JG,Rodr Low relative humidity triggers RNA-directed de novo DNA methylation and suppression of genes controlling stomatal development. J. Exp. Bot., 2012. 63(10): p. 3799-813 [PMID:22442411] Kong D, et al. Regulation of plasmodesmatal permeability and stomatal patterning by the glycosyltransferase-like protein KOBITO1. Plant Physiol., 2012. 159(1): p. 156-68 [PMID:22457425] Gudesblat GE, et al. SPEECHLESS integrates brassinosteroid and stomata signalling pathways. Nat. Cell Biol., 2012. 14(5): p. 548-54 [PMID:22466366] Kim C,Apel K Arabidopsis light-dependent NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA) is essential for normal plant growth and development: an addendum. Plant Mol. Biol., 2012. 80(2): p. 237-40 [PMID:22850939] Fuentes S,Ca Relationship between brassinosteroids and genes controlling stomatal production in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2012. 56(9): p. 675-80 [PMID:23124966] Tanaka Y,Nose T,Jikumaru Y,Kamiya Y ABA inhibits entry into stomatal-lineage development in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant J., 2013. 74(3): p. 448-57 [PMID:23373882] Tricker PJ,L Transgenerational, dynamic methylation of stomata genes in response to low relative humidity. Int J Mol Sci, 2013. 14(4): p. 6674-89 [PMID:23531533] Jewaria PK, et al. Differential effects of the peptides Stomagen, EPF1 and EPF2 on activation of MAP kinase MPK6 and the SPCH protein level. Plant Cell Physiol., 2013. 54(8): p. 1253-62 [PMID:23686240] Yang K,Jiang M,Le J A new loss-of-function allele 28y reveals a role of ARGONAUTE1 in limiting asymmetric division of stomatal lineage ground cell. J Integr Plant Biol, 2014. 56(6): p. 539-49 [PMID:24386951] Balcerowicz M,Ranjan A,Rupprecht L,Fiene G,Hoecker U Auxin represses stomatal development in dark-grown seedlings via Aux/IAA proteins. Development, 2014. 141(16): p. 3165-76 [PMID:25063454] Lau OS, et al. Direct roles of SPEECHLESS in the specification of stomatal self-renewing cells. Science, 2014. 345(6204): p. 1605-9 [PMID:25190717] Davies KA,Bergmann DC Functional specialization of stomatal bHLHs through modification of DNA-binding and phosphoregulation potential. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2014. 111(43): p. 15585-90 [PMID:25304637] Kumari A,Jewaria PK,Bergmann DC,Kakimoto T Arabidopsis reduces growth under osmotic stress by decreasing SPEECHLESS protein. Plant Cell Physiol., 2014. 55(12): p. 2037-46 [PMID:25381317] Yang KZ, et al. Phosphorylation of Serine 186 of bHLH Transcription Factor SPEECHLESS Promotes Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant, 2015. 8(5): p. 783-95 [PMID:25680231] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Zhang Y,Wang P,Shao W,Zhu JK,Dong J The BASL polarity protein controls a MAPK signaling feedback loop in asymmetric cell division. Dev. Cell, 2015. 33(2): p. 136-49 [PMID:25843888] de Marcos A, et al. Transcriptional profiles of Arabidopsis stomataless mutants reveal developmental and physiological features of life in the absence of stomata. Front Plant Sci, 2015. 6: p. 456 [PMID:26157447] Horst RJ, et al. Molecular Framework of a Regulatory Circuit Initiating Two-Dimensional Spatial Patterning of Stomatal Lineage. PLoS Genet., 2015. 11(7): p. e1005374 [PMID:26203655] Klermund C, et al. LLM-Domain B-GATA Transcription Factors Promote Stomatal Development Downstream of Light Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls. Plant Cell, 2016. 28(3): p. 646-60 [PMID:26917680] Gu F, et al. Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate Formation in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner. Plant Cell, 2016. 28(7): p. 1722-37 [PMID:27354558] Raissig MT,Abrash E,Bettadapur A,Vogel JP,Bergmann DC Grasses use an alternatively wired bHLH transcription factor network to establish stomatal identity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2016. 113(29): p. 8326-31 [PMID:27382177] Castorina G,Fox S,Tonelli C,Galbiati M,Conti L A novel role for STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 in stomata patterning. BMC Plant Biol., 2016. 16(1): p. 172 [PMID:27484174] Fu ZW,Wang YL,Lu YT,Yuan TT Nitric oxide is involved in stomatal development by modulating the expression of stomatal regulator genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci., 2016. 252: p. 282-289 [PMID:27717464] Zhang Y,Guo X,Dong J Phosphorylation of the Polarity Protein BASL Differentiates Asymmetric Cell Fate through MAPKs and SPCH. Curr. Biol., 2016. 26(21): p. 2957-2965 [PMID:27746029] Sakai Y, et al. The chemical compound bubblin induces stomatal mispatterning in Arabidopsis by disrupting the intrinsic polarity of stomatal lineage cells. Development, 2017. 144(3): p. 499-506 [PMID:28087627] de Marcos A, et al. A Mutation in the bHLH Domain of the SPCH Transcription Factor Uncovers a BR-Dependent Mechanism for Stomatal Development. Plant Physiol., 2017. 174(2): p. 823-842 [PMID:28507175] Dow GJ,Berry JA,Bergmann DC Disruption of stomatal lineage signaling or transcriptional regulators has differential effects on mesophyll development, but maintains coordination of gas exchange. New Phytol., 2017. 216(1): p. 69-75 [PMID:28833173] Lee JH,Jung JH,Park CM Light Inhibits COP1-Mediated Degradation of ICE Transcription Factors to Induce Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2017. 29(11): p. 2817-2830 [PMID:29070509] Zoulias N,Harrison EL,Casson SA,Gray JE Molecular control of stomatal development. Biochem. J., 2018. 475(2): p. 441-454 [PMID:29386377] Han X, et al. Jasmonate Negatively Regulates Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. Plant Physiol., 2018. 176(4): p. 2871-2885 [PMID:29496884] Houbaert A, et al. POLAR-guided signalling complex assembly and localization drive asymmetric cell division. Nature, 2018. 563(7732): p. 574-578 [PMID:30429609]