PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT5G16560.1

Common Name

KAN, KAN1, MQK4.31

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

G2-like

Protein Properties

Length: 403aa MW: 45845.5 Da PI: 8.6549

Description

G2-like family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT5G16560.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	G2-like	101.9	4.2e-32	220	273	2	55
G2-like 2 prlrWtpeLHerFveaveqLGGsekAtPktilelmkvkgLtlehvkSHLQkYRl 55 pr+rWt+ LH+rFv+ave LGG+e+AtPk++lelm+vk+Ltl+hvkSHLQ+YR+ AT5G16560.1 220 PRMRWTSSLHARFVHAVELLGGHERATPKSVLELMDVKDLTLAHVKSHLQMYRT 273 9****************************************************7 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
SuperFamily	SSF46689	2.33E-15	217	273	IPR009057	Homeodomain-like
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.10.60	1.2E-28	218	273	IPR009057	Homeodomain-like
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01557	9.2E-24	220	273	IPR006447	Myb domain, plants
Pfam	PF00249	5.8E-7	221	272	IPR001005	SANT/Myb domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0009887	Biological Process	organ morphogenesis
GO:0009944	Biological Process	polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis
GO:0009956	Biological Process	radial pattern formation
GO:0010051	Biological Process	xylem and phloem pattern formation
GO:0010158	Biological Process	abaxial cell fate specification
GO:0010229	Biological Process	inflorescence development
GO:0048481	Biological Process	plant ovule development
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding
GO:0044212	Molecular Function	transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000015	anatomy	cotyledon primordium
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0004703	anatomy	carpel primordium
PO:0005417	anatomy	phloem
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009035	anatomy	nectary
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 403 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MSMEGVFLEK TKTNTTTTLP DLSLHISLPD IHQYHHNESS KESSRRSSQL ENNNRSSNFE 60 LSLSHHNHPT ARIFHCPDRR TLNLPHQQHY NNPIINGVHQ RVDESEISNL HRPIRGIPVY 120 HNRSFPFHQQ NSSLPSLGGG DMDQISILNS SSGYNNAYRS LQSSPRLKGV PLHHHHHHNQ 180 YGVVGSSDSS SPHHHNHHHH GMIRSRFLPK MPTKRSMRAP RMRWTSSLHA RFVHAVELLG 240 GHERATPKSV LELMDVKDLT LAHVKSHLQM YRTVKTTNKP AASSDGSGEE EMGINGNEVH 300 HQSSTDQRAQ SDDTSLHQET DISSTQPRWS NSSRETWPLS NNCSSDIDTM IRTSSTSMIS 360 HYQRSSIQNQ EQRSNDQAKR CGNLSCENPS LEFTLGRPDW HEK

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 403 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MSMEGVFLEK TKTNTTTTLP DLSLHISLPD IHQYHHNESS KESSRRSSQL ENNNRSSNFE  60
LSLSHHNHPT ARIFHCPDRR TLNLPHQQHY NNPIINGVHQ RVDESEISNL HRPIRGIPVY  120
HNRSFPFHQQ NSSLPSLGGG DMDQISILNS SSGYNNAYRS LQSSPRLKGV PLHHHHHHNQ  180
YGVVGSSDSS SPHHHNHHHH GMIRSRFLPK MPTKRSMRAP RMRWTSSLHA RFVHAVELLG  240
GHERATPKSV LELMDVKDLT LAHVKSHLQM YRTVKTTNKP AASSDGSGEE EMGINGNEVH  300
HQSSTDQRAQ SDDTSLHQET DISSTQPRWS NSSRETWPLS NNCSSDIDTM IRTSSTSMIS  360
HYQRSSIQNQ EQRSNDQAKR CGNLSCENPS LEFTLGRPDW HEK

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
6j4k_A	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j4k_B	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j4r_A	1e-15	221	275	3	57	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j4r_B	1e-15	221	275	3	57	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j4r_C	1e-15	221	275	3	57	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j4r_D	1e-15	221	275	3	57	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j5b_A	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j5b_C	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j5b_D	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j5b_F	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j5b_H	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
6j5b_J	9e-16	221	275	4	58	Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1
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Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	30685918	0.0
Genevisible	250132_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT5G16560	-
AtGenExpress	AT5G16560	-
ATTED-II	AT5G16560	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: In globular embryos, expressed in the peripheral cells in a basal region above the hypophysis. In heart-stage embryos, expressed in the periphery of the presumptive hypocotyl and on the abaxial side of cotyledon primordia. During vegetative growth, expressed the abaxial side of very young leaf primordia. Expressed on the abaxial side of carpel primordia and then in a localized region on the abaxial margin that gives rise to the septum. Later, expressed in the tissue that gives rise to ovules. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11525739}.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in developing phloem and lateral root. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11525739, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14561401, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15286295}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes a KANADI protein (KAN) that regulates organ polarity in Arabidopsis. KAN is required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels, and encodes a nuclear-localized protein in the GARP family of putative transcription factors. Together with KAN2, this gene appears to be involved in the development of the carpel and the outer integument of the ovule.Along with KAN2 and KAN4, KAN1 appears to be required for proper regulation of PIN1 in early embryogenesis.
UniProt	Transcriptional repressor that regulates lateral organ polarity. Promotes lateral organ abaxial identity by repressing the adaxial regulator ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) in abaxial cells. Required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels. Functions with KAN2 in the specification of polarity of the ovule outer integument. Regulates cambium activity by repressing the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. Plays a role in lateral root formation and development. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11395775, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11525739, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14561401, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15286295, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16623911, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17307928, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18849474, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20179097}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
As KANADI is not required for either ETT or ARF4 transcription, and their overexpression cannot rescue kanadi mutants, cooperative activity is implied. [PMID: 16199616] KAN1 acts as a transcriptional repressor and that mutually repressive interactions between KAN1 and AS2 contribute to the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity in plants [PMID: 18849474] Class III HD-ZIP and KANADI transcription factors control cambium activity: KANADI proteins by acting on auxin transport, and Class III HD-ZIP proteins by promoting axial cell elongation and xylem differentiation. [PMID: 20179097] Leaf polarity is established by the opposed actions of HD-ZIPIII and KANADI transcription factors. [PMID: 22578006] HD-ZIPIII and KANADI regulate tissue-specific transcription factors involved in subsidiary developmental decisions, nearly all major hormone pathways, and new actors (such as indeterminate domain4) in the ad/abaxial regulatory network. [PMID: 24076978] a set of potential direct target genes of KAN1, were identified. [PMID: 24155946] HD-ZIPIII and KANADI transcription factors pattern auxin accumulation and responsiveness in the embryo. [PMID: 24464295] ULT1 and KAN1 acting antagonistically to pattern the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis but jointly to pattern the apical-basal axis. [PMID: 25381352] KAN1 acts upstream of several genes encoding auxin biosynthetic enzymes.KAN1 plays a role in shade-avoidance responses.KAN1 activity suppresses auxin synthesis and signaling. [PMID: 26246448] The authors show that leaf orientation, morphology and position are pre-patterned by HAT3 and KAN gene expression in the shoot, leading to a model in which dorsoventral genes coordinate to regulate plant development by localizing auxin response between their expression domains. [PMID: 28895530]

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT5G16560.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Repressed by AS2 in adaxial tissue. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18849474}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G30490 (R), AT1G65620 (R), AT2G34710 (R)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G65620(R), AT1G73590(R)

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G18400, AT1G32240
IntAct	Search Q93WJ9

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Flat leaves. Altered morphology of abaxial mesophyll cells. Decreased number of trichomes on the adaxial surface and increased number of abaxial trichomes. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11395775, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11525739}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT5G16560

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AY030192	0.0	AY030192.1 Arabidopsis thaliana clone A1-2 KANADI protein (KAN) mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	AY048688	0.0	AY048688.1 Arabidopsis thaliana GARP-like putative transcription factor KANADI1 (KAN1) mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	BT026436	0.0	BT026436.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At5g16560 mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_568334.1	0.0	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein
Swissprot	Q93WJ9	0.0	KAN1_ARATH; Transcription repressor KAN1
TrEMBL	A0A178UBS3	0.0	A0A178UBS3_ARATH; KAN1
STRING	AT5G16560.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM6606	26	45
Representative plant	OGRP570	15	80

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT5G16560.1
Entrez Gene	831518
iHOP	AT5G16560
wikigenes	AT5G16560

Publications ? help Back to Top
Eshed Y,Baum SF,Bowman JL Distinct mechanisms promote polarity establishment in carpels of Arabidopsis. Cell, 1999. 99(2): p. 199-209 [PMID:10535738] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Kerstetter RA,Bollman K,Taylor RA,Bomblies K,Poethig RS KANADI regulates organ polarity in Arabidopsis. Nature, 2001. 411(6838): p. 706-9 [PMID:11395775] Eshed Y,Baum SF,Perea JV,Bowman JL Establishment of polarity in lateral organs of plants. Curr. Biol., 2001. 11(16): p. 1251-60 [PMID:11525739] Golz JF,Hudson A Signalling in plant lateral organ development. Plant Cell, 2002. 14 Suppl: p. S277-88 [PMID:12045283] Bollman KM, et al. HASTY, the Arabidopsis ortholog of exportin 5/MSN5, regulates phase change and morphogenesis. Development, 2003. 130(8): p. 1493-504 [PMID:12620976] Lin WC,Shuai B,Springer PS The Arabidopsis LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-domain gene ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 functions in the repression of KNOX gene expression and in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(10): p. 2241-52 [PMID:14508003] Emery JF, et al. Radial patterning of Arabidopsis shoots by class III HD-ZIP and KANADI genes. Curr. Biol., 2003. 13(20): p. 1768-74 [PMID:14561401] Eshed Y,Izhaki A,Baum SF,Floyd SK,Bowman JL Asymmetric leaf development and blade expansion in Arabidopsis are mediated by KANADI and YABBY activities. Development, 2004. 131(12): p. 2997-3006 [PMID:15169760] Engstrom EM,Izhaki A,Bowman JL Promoter bashing, microRNAs, and Knox genes. New insights, regulators, and targets-of-regulation in the establishment of lateral organ polarity in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(2): p. 685-94 [PMID:15208415] Hawker NP,Bowman JL Roles for Class III HD-Zip and KANADI genes in Arabidopsis root development. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(4): p. 2261-70 [PMID:15286295] Zhao C,Craig JC,Petzold HE,Dickerman AW,Beers EP The xylem and phloem transcriptomes from secondary tissues of the Arabidopsis root-hypocotyl. Plant Physiol., 2005. 138(2): p. 803-18 [PMID:15923329] Pekker I,Alvarez JP,Eshed Y Auxin response factors mediate Arabidopsis organ asymmetry via modulation of KANADI activity. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(11): p. 2899-910 [PMID:16199616] McAbee JM, et al. ABERRANT TESTA SHAPE encodes a KANADI family member, linking polarity determination to separation and growth of Arabidopsis ovule integuments. Plant J., 2006. 46(3): p. 522-31 [PMID:16623911] Iwasaki M,Nitasaka E The FEATHERED gene is required for polarity establishment in lateral organs especially flowers of the Japanese morning glory (I pomoea nil ). Plant Mol. Biol., 2006. 62(6): p. 913-25 [PMID:16972166] Huang W, et al. The proteolytic function of the Arabidopsis 26S proteasome is required for specifying leaf adaxial identity. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(10): p. 2479-92 [PMID:17028202] Demura T,Fukuda H Transcriptional regulation in wood formation. Trends Plant Sci., 2007. 12(2): p. 64-70 [PMID:17224301] Izhaki A,Bowman JL KANADI and class III HD-Zip gene families regulate embryo patterning and modulate auxin flow during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2007. 19(2): p. 495-508 [PMID:17307928] Kim YK, et al. ATHB23, an Arabidopsis class I homeodomain-leucine zipper gene, is expressed in the adaxial region of young leaves. Plant Cell Rep., 2007. 26(8): p. 1179-85 [PMID:17387478] Fu Y, et al. Genetic interactions between leaf polarity-controlling genes and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and 2 in Arabidopsis leaf patterning. Plant Cell Physiol., 2007. 48(5): p. 724-35 [PMID:17395603] Ha CM,Jun JH,Nam HG,Fletcher JC BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes. Plant Cell, 2007. 19(6): p. 1809-25 [PMID:17601823] Luo Z, et al. Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a dynamic rolled leaf gene, RL10(t), in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genome, 2007. 50(9): p. 811-7 [PMID:17893721] Wu G, et al. KANADI1 regulates adaxial-abaxial polarity in Arabidopsis by directly repressing the transcription of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2008. 105(42): p. 16392-7 [PMID:18849474] Kelley DR,Skinner DJ,Gasser CS Roles of polarity determinants in ovule development. Plant J., 2009. 57(6): p. 1054-64 [PMID:19054366] Prado AM,Cola Targeting of pollen tubes to ovules is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Mol Plant, 2008. 1(4): p. 703-14 [PMID:19825574] Ikezaki M, et al. Genetic networks regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 in leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana: KNOX genes control five morphological events. Plant J., 2010. 61(1): p. 70-82 [PMID:19891706] Ilegems M, et al. Interplay of auxin, KANADI and Class III HD-ZIP transcription factors in vascular tissue formation. Development, 2010. 137(6): p. 975-84 [PMID:20179097] Arabidopsis Interactome Mapping Consortium Evidence for network evolution in an Arabidopsis interactome map. Science, 2011. 333(6042): p. 601-7 [PMID:21798944] Causier B,Ashworth M,Guo W,Davies B The TOPLESS interactome: a framework for gene repression in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2012. 158(1): p. 423-38 [PMID:22065421] Kelley DR,Arreola A,Gallagher TL,Gasser CS ETTIN (ARF3) physically interacts with KANADI proteins to form a functional complex essential for integument development and polarity determination in Arabidopsis. Development, 2012. 139(6): p. 1105-9 [PMID:22296848] Nakata M, et al. Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2012. 24(2): p. 519-35 [PMID:22374393] Brandt R, et al. Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses. Plant J., 2012. 72(1): p. 31-42 [PMID:22578006] Moschopoulos A,Derbyshire P,Byrne ME The Arabidopsis organelle-localized glycyl-tRNA synthetase encoded by EMBRYO DEFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT1 is required for organ patterning. J. Exp. Bot., 2012. 63(14): p. 5233-43 [PMID:22791832] Bonaccorso O,Lee JE,Puah L,Scutt CP,Golz JF FILAMENTOUS FLOWER controls lateral organ development by acting as both an activator and a repressor. BMC Plant Biol., 2012. 12: p. 176 [PMID:23025792] Reinhart BJ, et al. Establishing a framework for the Ad/abaxial regulatory network of Arabidopsis: ascertaining targets of class III homeodomain leucine zipper and KANADI regulation. Plant Cell, 2013. 25(9): p. 3228-49 [PMID:24076978] Merelo P, et al. Genome-wide identification of KANADI1 target genes. PLoS ONE, 2013. 8(10): p. e77341 [PMID:24155946] Ding Y, et al. Four distinct types of dehydration stress memory genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol., 2013. 13: p. 229 [PMID:24377444] Huang T,Kerstetter RA,Irish VF APUM23, a PUF family protein, functions in leaf development and organ polarity in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 2014. 65(4): p. 1181-91 [PMID:24449383] Mach J Getting in Shape? Leaves work it out with KANADI1. Plant Cell, 2014. 26(1): p. 4 [PMID:24464293] Huang T, et al. Arabidopsis KANADI1 acts as a transcriptional repressor by interacting with a specific cis-element and regulates auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling in opposition to HD-ZIPIII factors. Plant Cell, 2014. 26(1): p. 246-62 [PMID:24464295] Pires HR,Monfared MM,Shemyakina EA,Fletcher JC ULTRAPETALA trxG genes interact with KANADI transcription factor genes to regulate Arabidopsis gynoecium patterning. Plant Cell, 2014. 26(11): p. 4345-61 [PMID:25381352] Jun SE, et al. Comparative analysis of the conserved functions of Arabidopsis DRL1 and yeast KTI12. Mol. Cells, 2015. 38(3): p. 243-50 [PMID:25518926] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Machida C,Nakagawa A,Kojima S,Takahashi H,Machida Y The complex of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS) proteins plays a central role in antagonistic interactions of genes for leaf polarity specification in Arabidopsis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol, 2015 Nov-Dec. 4(6): p. 655-71 [PMID:26108442] Xie Y, et al. Meta-Analysis of Arabidopsis KANADI1 Direct Target Genes Identifies a Basic Growth-Promoting Module Acting Upstream of Hormonal Signaling Pathways. Plant Physiol., 2015. 169(2): p. 1240-53 [PMID:26246448] Alvarez JP,Furumizu C,Efroni I,Eshed Y,Bowman JL Active suppression of a leaf meristem orchestrates determinate leaf growth. Elife, 2017. [PMID:27710768] Singh A, et al. Phytohormonal crosstalk modulates the expression of miR166/165s, target Class III HD-ZIPs, and KANADI genes during root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 3408 [PMID:28611467] Caggiano MP, et al. Cell type boundaries organize plant development. Elife, 2018. [PMID:28895530] Ó'Maoiléidigh DS,Stewart D,Zheng B,Coupland G,Wellmer F Floral homeotic proteins modulate the genetic program for leaf development to suppress trichome formation in flowers. Development, 2018. [PMID:29361563]