PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Transcription Factor Information
Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence | 
Basic Information? help Back to Top
TF ID AT4G37740.1
Common NameAtGRF2, GRF2, T28I19.20
Organism
Taxonomic ID
Taxonomic Lineage
cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Family GRF
Protein Properties Length: 535aa    MW: 58584.9 Da    PI: 8.8943
Description growth-regulating factor 2
Gene Model
Gene Model ID Type Source Coding Sequence
AT4G37740.1genomeTAIRView CDS
Signature Domain? help Back to Top
Signature Domain
No. Domain Score E-value Start End HMM Start HMM End
1WRC78.56.4e-25227270144
          WRC   1 daepgrCrRtDGKkWRCsrrvlegkklCErHlhrgrsrsrkske 44 
                  d+epgrCrRtDGKkWRCsr++++++k+CErH++rgr+rsrk++e
  AT4G37740.1 227 DPEPGRCRRTDGKKWRCSRDAVPDQKYCERHINRGRHRSRKPVE 270
                  79***************************************998 PP

2QLQ53.48e-19163199137
          QLQ   1 saFTaaQlqlLksQilAyKyLaanqPvPpeLlqaiqk 37 
                  ++FT +Q+++L++Q+l+yKy+ an+PvP+ Ll  i+k
  AT4G37740.1 163 GPFTLTQWAELEQQALIYKYITANVPVPSSLLISIKK 199
                  59******************************99986 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top
3D Structure
Database Entry ID E-value Start End InterPro ID Description
SMARTSM009511.6E-11163199IPR014978Glutamine-Leucine-Glutamine, QLQ
PfamPF088805.5E-13164197IPR014978Glutamine-Leucine-Glutamine, QLQ
PROSITE profilePS5166621.381164199IPR014978Glutamine-Leucine-Glutamine, QLQ
PROSITE profilePS5166725.77227271IPR014977WRC domain
PfamPF088793.5E-21228270IPR014977WRC domain
Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term GO Category GO Description
GO:0006355Biological Processregulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0008285Biological Processnegative regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0048364Biological Processroot development
GO:0048366Biological Processleaf development
GO:0005634Cellular Componentnucleus
GO:0005524Molecular FunctionATP binding
Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term PO Category PO Description
PO:0000013anatomycauline leaf
PO:0000037anatomyshoot apex
PO:0000293anatomyguard cell
PO:0008019anatomyleaf lamina base
PO:0009005anatomyroot
PO:0009006anatomyshoot system
PO:0009009anatomyplant embryo
PO:0009010anatomyseed
PO:0009025anatomyvascular leaf
PO:0009031anatomysepal
PO:0009046anatomyflower
PO:0009052anatomyflower pedicel
PO:0009066anatomyanther
PO:0009074anatomystyle
PO:0020038anatomypetiole
PO:0020100anatomyhypocotyl
PO:0020137anatomyleaf apex
PO:0020144anatomyapical meristem
PO:0025022anatomycollective leaf structure
PO:0001054developmental stagevascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078developmental stageplant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081developmental stagemature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185developmental stageplant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507developmental stageplant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007098developmental stageLP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007115developmental stageLP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007611developmental stagepetal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616developmental stageflowering stage
Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence    Length: 535 aa     Download sequence    Send to blast
MDIGVHVLGS VTSNENESLG LKELIGTKQD RSGFIGEDCL QRSLKLARTT TRAEEEENLS  60
SSVAAAYCKT MSFHQGIPLM RSASPLSSDS RRQEQMLSFS DKPDALDFSK YVGLDNSSNN  120
KNSLSPFLHQ IPPPSYFRSS GGYGSGGMMM NMSMQGNFTG VKGPFTLTQW AELEQQALIY  180
KYITANVPVP SSLLISIKKS FYPYGSLPPS SFGWGTFHLG FAGGNMDPEP GRCRRTDGKK  240
WRCSRDAVPD QKYCERHINR GRHRSRKPVE VQSGQNQTAA AASKAVTTPQ QPVVAGNTNR  300
SNARASSNRS LAIGSQYINP STESLPNNRG VSIYPSTVNL QPKESPVIHQ KHRNNNNPFE  360
FGHISSDSLL NPNTAKTYGS SFLDFSSNQE KHSGNHNHNS WPEELTSDWT QLSMSIPIAS  420
SSPSSTHNNN NAQEKTTLSP LRLSRELDLS IQTDETTIEP TVKKVNTWIP ISWGNSLGGP  480
LGEVLNSTTN SPTFGSSPTG VLQKSTFCSL SNNSSVSSPI AENNRHNGDY FHYTT
Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID E-value Expressed in
At.28730.0bud| flower| seed| silique
Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source ID E-value
GEO1453550970.0
Genevisible253065_at0.0
Expression AtlasAT4G37740-
AtGenExpressAT4G37740-
ATTED-IIAT4G37740-
Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniprotDEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed during the early stages of leaf development and expression decreases with the maturation of the leaf. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20023165}.
UniprotTISSUE SPECIFICITY: Strongly expressed in actively growing and developing tissues, such as roots, upper stems, and shoot tips containing the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and flower buds. Detected in young leaf primordium. Also expressed in mature flowers, but weakly expressed in mature stems and leaves. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12974814, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21036927}.
Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
TAIRGrowth regulating factor encoding transcription activator. One of the nine members of a GRF gene family, containing nuclear targeting domain. Mutants result in smaller leaves indicating the role of the gene in leaf development. Expressed in root, shoot and flower
UniProtTranscription activator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12974814, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15326298, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20023165, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21036927}.
Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
  1. MiR396 accumulates preferentially in the distal part of young developing leaves, restricting the expression of GRF2 to the proximal part of the organ.
    [PMID: 20023165]
  2. Our data indicate that such bulge modulates the strength of the miR396-mediated repression and that this modulation is essential to shape the precise spatio-temporal pattern of GRF2 expression
    [PMID: 22242012]
Cis-element ? help Back to Top
SourceLink
PlantRegMapAT4G37740.1
Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtINDUCTION: microRNA 396 (miR396a or miR396b) negatively regulates growth-regulating factors (GRF1-4 and GRF7-9). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15200956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19453503, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20023165}.
Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source Upstream Regulator Target Gene
PlantRegMapRetrieve-
Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source Intact With
IntActSearch Q8L8A8
Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source ID
T-DNA ExpressAT4G37740
Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
GenBankAK1764320.0AK176432.1 Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA for transcription activator (GRL2), complete cds, clone: RAFL24-18-E23.
GenBankAY1026350.0AY102635.1 Arabidopsis thaliana transcription activator (GRF2) mRNA, complete cds.
Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
RefseqNP_195488.20.0growth-regulating factor 2
SwissprotQ8L8A80.0GRF2_ARATH; Growth-regulating factor 2
TrEMBLA0A178UXW80.0A0A178UXW8_ARATH; GRF2
STRINGAT4G37740.10.0(Arabidopsis thaliana)
Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
LineageOrthologous Group IDTaxa NumberGene Number
MalvidsOGEM14542886
Representative plantOGRP33571226
Publications ? help Back to Top
  1. Kim JH,Choi D,Kende H
    The AtGRF family of putative transcription factors is involved in leaf and cotyledon growth in Arabidopsis.
    Plant J., 2003. 36(1): p. 94-104
    [PMID:12974814]
  2. Jones-Rhoades MW,Bartel DP
    Computational identification of plant microRNAs and their targets, including a stress-induced miRNA.
    Mol. Cell, 2004. 14(6): p. 787-99
    [PMID:15200956]
  3. Kim JH,Kende H
    A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIF1, is involved in regulating leaf growth and morphology in Arabidopsis.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004. 101(36): p. 13374-9
    [PMID:15326298]
  4. Wang XJ,Reyes JL,Chua NH,Gaasterland T
    Prediction and identification of Arabidopsis thaliana microRNAs and their mRNA targets.
    Genome Biol., 2004. 5(9): p. R65
    [PMID:15345049]
  5. Liu D,Song Y,Chen Z,Yu D
    Ectopic expression of miR396 suppresses GRF target gene expression and alters leaf growth in Arabidopsis.
    Physiol Plant, 2009. 136(2): p. 223-36
    [PMID:19453503]
  6. Rodriguez RE, et al.
    Control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana by microRNA miR396.
    Development, 2010. 137(1): p. 103-12
    [PMID:20023165]
  7. Wang L, et al.
    miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis.
    J. Exp. Bot., 2011. 62(2): p. 761-73
    [PMID:21036927]
  8. Debernardi JM,Rodriguez RE,Mecchia MA,Palatnik JF
    Functional specialization of the plant miR396 regulatory network through distinct microRNA-target interactions.
    PLoS Genet., 2012. 8(1): p. e1002419
    [PMID:22242012]
  9. Casadevall R,Rodriguez RE,Debernardi JM,Palatnik JF,Casati P
    Repression of growth regulating factors by the microRNA396 inhibits cell proliferation by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis leaves.
    Plant Cell, 2013. 25(9): p. 3570-83
    [PMID:24076976]
  10. Liang G,He H,Li Y,Wang F,Yu D
    Molecular mechanism of microRNA396 mediating pistil development in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Physiol., 2014. 164(1): p. 249-58
    [PMID:24285851]
  11. Liu J,Rice JH,Chen N,Baum TJ,Hewezi T
    Synchronization of developmental processes and defense signaling by growth regulating transcription factors.
    PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(5): p. e98477
    [PMID:24875638]
  12. Rodriguez RE, et al.
    MicroRNA miR396 Regulates the Switch between Stem Cells and Transit-Amplifying Cells in Arabidopsis Roots.
    Plant Cell, 2015. 27(12): p. 3354-66
    [PMID:26645252]
  13. Cao Y,Han Y,Jin Q,Lin Y,Cai Y
    Comparative Genomic Analysis of the GRF Genes in Chinese Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd), Poplar (Populous), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Arabidopsis and Rice (Oryza sativa).
    Front Plant Sci, 2016. 7: p. 1750
    [PMID:27933074]