PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT4G21330.1

Common Name

BHLH22, DYT1, EN49, T6K22.60

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

bHLH

Protein Properties

Length: 207aa MW: 24021.6 Da PI: 4.7997

Description

bHLH family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT4G21330.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	HLH	31.4	3.3e-10	35	78	7	55
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCTSCCC...TTS-STCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH CS HLH 7 erErrRRdriNsafeeLrellPkaskapskKlsKaeiLekAveYIksLq 55 e+ErrRR+++ ++ Lr+++P + ++Ka+i+e A+ YI +Lq AT4G21330.1 35 EAERRRREKLHCRLMALRSHVPIV-----TNMTKASIVEDAITYIGELQ 78 79*******************8.....69**************98 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
SuperFamily	SSF47459	3.14E-14	25	93	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
CDD	cd00083	1.04E-10	26	82	No hit	No description
PROSITE profile	PS50888	13.96	28	77	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
SMART	SM00353	7.6E-12	34	83	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Gene3D	G3DSA:4.10.280.10	5.8E-12	35	93	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain
Pfam	PF00010	7.6E-8	35	78	IPR011598	Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0048658	Biological Process	anther wall tapetum development
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0043565	Molecular Function	sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0046983	Molecular Function	protein dimerization activity

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000229	anatomy	flower meristem
PO:0006089	anatomy	anther primordium
PO:0009071	anatomy	anther wall tapetum

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 207 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MGGGSRFQEP VRMSRRKQVT KEKEEDENFK SPNLEAERRR REKLHCRLMA LRSHVPIVTN 60 MTKASIVEDA ITYIGELQNN VKNLLETFHE MEEAPPEIDE EQTDPMIKPE VETSDLNEEM 120 KKLGIEENVQ LCKIGERKFW LKIITEKRDG IFTKFMEVMR FLGFEIIDIS LTTSNGAILI 180 SASVQTQELC DVEQTKDFLL EVMRSNP

Nucleic Localization Signal ? help Back to Top

No.	Start	End	Sequence
1	36	41	ERRRRE
2	37	42	RRRREK

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	18415675	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT4G21330	-
AtGenExpress	AT4G21330	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: First observed in floral meristem and early anther primordia. Later detected in archesporial cells. From stage 4 to early stage 5, weakly expressed in precursors of the middle layer, tapetum and meiocytes. Strongly expressed in the tapetum from late anther stage 5 to early stage 6, and at a lower level in meiocytes. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16831835}.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Mostly expressed in anthers, and, to a lower extent, in young inflorescences undergoing meiosis and siliques. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16831835}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes a bHLH transcription factor strongly expressed in the tapetum from late anther stage 5 to early stage 6, and at a lower level in meiocytes. dyt1 mutant exhibits abnormal anther morphology beginning at anther stage 4. DYT1 acts downstream of SPL/NZZ and EMS1/EXS , and is required for normal expression of AMS, MS1 and other tapetum preferential genes.
UniProt	Transcription factor. Involved in the control of tapetum development. Required for male fertility and pollen differentiation, especially during callose deposition. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16831835}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
DYT1 encodes a putative bHLH transcription factor and is a component of a genetic network that controls anther development and function. [DYT1] [PMID: 16831835] DYT1, TDF1 and AMS function in early tapetum development, while MS188 and MS1 are important for late tapetum development. [PMID: 21957980] DYT1 positively regulates genes for lipid metabolism, cell-wall modification and secondary metabolism that are important for pollen development. [PMID: 22775442] DYT1 regulates the expression of AMS, MS188/MYB80, TEK and MS1 for pollen wall formation, primarily via TDF1. [PMID: 25284309] DYT1 forms complexes with bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091 subsequently affecting the correct expression of many DYT1 target genes. [PMID: 26216374] Data said that the normal spatio-temporal subcellular localization of DYT1 is important for DYT1 function and/or that the BIF domains from different bHLH members might be functionally distinct. [PMID: 27113773] Here the authors demonstrate abnormal risk taking in DYT1 dystonia patients, which is correlated with disease severity, thereby supporting striatal plasticity in shaping choice behavior in humans. [PMID: 27249418] DYT1 dystonia is a network disorder, with crucial nodes in sensory-motor integration of posterior parietal structures. [PMID: 27453152] we show the behavioral and molecular consequences of stressing the endoplasmic reticulum in DYT1 mice by increasing the amount of misfolded proteins [PMID: 27707963] The results of this study suggested that motor impairments in DYT1 KI animals only exhibit when the sensory stimuli are strongly altered during performance. [PMID: 27769743] Mice with the DYT1 dystonia mutation exhibit an enhanced response to mu receptor activation, dependent on selective receptor gene upregulation.. [PMID: 29150865] Early onset torsion dystonia (DYT1) patient fibroblasts with heterozygous DYT1 mutant alleles showed decreased herpes simplex virus 1 plaque formation as compared to controls. [PMID: 29396398]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00091	SELEX	26531826	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT4G21330.1

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT2G16910(A), AT3G23770(A), AT3G28470(A), AT3G51590(A), AT5G22260(A)

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT4G21330, AT1G06170

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT4G21330

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AL031187	1e-136	AL031187.1 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 4, BAC clone T6K22 (ESSAII project).
GenBank	AL161554	1e-136	AL161554.2 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 4, contig fragment No. 54.
GenBank	CP002687	1e-136	CP002687.1 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 4 sequence.
GenBank	EF637083	1e-136	EF637083.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Cvi-0 S-locus region genomic sequence.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_193864.1	1e-151	basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
Swissprot	O81900	1e-152	DYT1_ARATH; Transcription factor DYT1
TrEMBL	A0A178UXT0	1e-148	A0A178UXT0_ARATH; DYT1
STRING	AT4G21330.1	1e-150	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM8358	25	38
Representative plant	OGRP10309	4	8

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT4G21330.1
Entrez Gene	827883
iHOP	AT4G21330
wikigenes	AT4G21330

Publications ? help Back to Top
Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Heim MA, et al. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family in plants: a genome-wide study of protein structure and functional diversity. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2003. 20(5): p. 735-47 [PMID:12679534] Toledo-Ortiz G,Huq E,Quail PH The Arabidopsis basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(8): p. 1749-70 [PMID:12897250] Bailey PC, et al. Update on the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(11): p. 2497-502 [PMID:14600211] Bauer P, et al. Analysis of sequence, map position, and gene expression reveals conserved essential genes for iron uptake in Arabidopsis and tomato. Plant Physiol., 2004. 136(4): p. 4169-83 [PMID:15531708] Zhang W, et al. Regulation of Arabidopsis tapetum development and function by DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) encoding a putative bHLH transcription factor. Development, 2006. 133(16): p. 3085-95 [PMID:16831835] Li N, et al. The rice tapetum degeneration retardation gene is required for tapetum degradation and anther development. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(11): p. 2999-3014 [PMID:17138695] Tang C, et al. The evolution of selfing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science, 2007. 317(5841): p. 1070-2 [PMID:17656687] Wijeratne AJ, et al. Differential gene expression in Arabidopsis wild-type and mutant anthers: insights into anther cell differentiation and regulatory networks. Plant J., 2007. 52(1): p. 14-29 [PMID:17666023] Xing S,Zachgo S ROXY1 and ROXY2, two Arabidopsis glutaredoxin genes, are required for anther development. Plant J., 2008. 53(5): p. 790-801 [PMID:18036205] Zhu J, et al. Defective in Tapetal development and function 1 is essential for anther development and tapetal function for microspore maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2008. 55(2): p. 266-77 [PMID:18397379] Xu J, et al. The ABORTED MICROSPORES regulatory network is required for postmeiotic male reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell, 2010. 22(1): p. 91-107 [PMID:20118226] Skinner MK,Rawls A,Wilson-Rawls J,Roalson EH Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene family phylogenetics and nomenclature. Differentiation, 2010. 80(1): p. 1-8 [PMID:20219281] Zhu J,Lou Y,Xu X,Yang ZN A genetic pathway for tapetum development and function in Arabidopsis. J Integr Plant Biol, 2011. 53(11): p. 892-900 [PMID:21957980] Wang XT,Yuan C,Yuan TT,Cui SJ The Arabidopsis LFR gene is required for the formation of anther cell layers and normal expression of key regulatory genes. Mol Plant, 2012. 5(5): p. 993-1000 [PMID:22461668] Feng B, et al. Regulation of the Arabidopsis anther transcriptome by DYT1 for pollen development. Plant J., 2012. 72(4): p. 612-24 [PMID:22775442] Jiang J,Zhang Z,Cao J Pollen wall development: the associated enzymes and metabolic pathways. Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2013. 15(2): p. 249-63 [PMID:23252839] Gu JN, et al. DYT1 directly regulates the expression of TDF1 for tapetum development and pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2014. 80(6): p. 1005-13 [PMID:25284309] Qian H, et al. Trace concentrations of imazethapyr (IM) affect floral organs development and reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana: IM-induced inhibition of key genes regulating anther and pollen biosynthesis. Ecotoxicology, 2015. 24(1): p. 163-71 [PMID:25348600] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Shumin Z, et al. One novel cis-element is essential for correct DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep., 2015. 34(10): p. 1773-80 [PMID:26134855] Zhu E, et al. The DYT1-interacting proteins bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091 are redundantly required for Arabidopsis anther development and transcriptome. Plant J., 2015. 83(6): p. 976-90 [PMID:26216374] Cui J, et al. Feedback Regulation of DYT1 by Interactions with Downstream bHLH Factors Promotes DYT1 Nuclear Localization and Anther Development. Plant Cell, 2016. 28(5): p. 1078-93 [PMID:27113773] Arkadir D, et al. DYT1 dystonia increases risk taking in humans. Elife, 2017. [PMID:27249418] Premi E, et al. Functional Connectivity Networks in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic DYT1 Carriers. Mov. Disord., 2016. 31(11): p. 1739-1743 [PMID:27453152] Beauvais G, et al. Disruption of Protein Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of DYT1 Knock-in Mice Implicates Novel Pathways in Dystonia Pathogenesis. J. Neurosci., 2016. 36(40): p. 10245-10256 [PMID:27707963] Richter F,Gerstenberger J,Bauer A,Liang CC,Richter A Sensorimotor tests unmask a phenotype in the DYT1 knock-in mouse model of dystonia. Behav. Brain Res., 2017. 317: p. 536-541 [PMID:27769743] Zhou S, et al. Function Identification of the Nucleotides in Key cis-Element of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) Promoter. Front Plant Sci, 2017. 8: p. 153 [PMID:28261229] Li DD,Xue JS,Zhu J,Yang ZN Gene Regulatory Network for Tapetum Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci, 2017. 8: p. 1559 [PMID:28955355] Ponterio G, et al. Enhanced mu opioid receptor-dependent opioidergic modulation of striatal cholinergic transmission in DYT1 dystonia. Mov. Disord., 2018. 33(2): p. 310-320 [PMID:29150865] György B, et al. Mutant torsinA in the heterozygous DYT1 state compromises HSV propagation in infected neurons and fibroblasts. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 2324 [PMID:29396398]