PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT3G20770.1

Common Name

AtEIN3, EIN3, MOE17.8

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

EIL

Protein Properties

Length: 628aa MW: 71421.4 Da PI: 5.7649

Description

EIL family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT3G20770.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	EIN3	500.9	6.4e-153	49	421	1	353
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..XXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX CS EIN3 1 eelkkrmwkdqmllkrlkerkkqlledkeaatgakksnksneqarrkkmsraQDgiLkYMlkemevcnaqGfvYgiipekgkpvegasdsLraWWkek 98 +el++rmw+d+m+lkrlke+ k ke ++a+k+++s+eqarrkkmsraQDgiLkYMlk+mevc+aqGfvYgiipe+gkpv+gasd+Lr+WWk+k AT3G20770.1 49 DELERRMWRDKMRLKRLKEQDKG----KEG-VDAAKQRQSQEQARRKKMSRAQDGILKYMLKMMEVCKAQGFVYGIIPENGKPVTGASDNLREWWKDK 141 79*****************98....787.9************************************************************** PP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX....XX----STTS-HHHHHHHHHHHSSSSSS-TTS--TTT--HHHH---S--HHHHHHT--TT--.---- CS EIN3 99 vefdrngpaaiskyqaknlilsgesslqtersseshslselqDTtlgSLLsalmqhcdppqrrfplekgvepPWWPtGkelwwgelglskdqgtppyk 196 v+fdrngpaai+kyqa+n+i++ +++++ ++h+l+elqDTtlgSLLsalmqhcdppqrrfplekgv+pPWWP+Gke+ww++lgl+kdqg+ pyk AT3G20770.1 142 VRFDRNGPAAITKYQAENNIPGIHEGNNP-IGPTPHTLQELQDTTLGSLLSALMQHCDPPQRRFPLEKGVPPPWWPNGKEDWWPQLGLPKDQGPAPYK 238 ******************9999977.9*************************************************************** PP -GGG--HHHHHHHHHHHHHHTGGGHHHHHHTTTTSSSSTTT--SHHHHHHHHHHTTTTT-S--XXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXX CS EIN3 197 kphdlkkawkvsvLtavikhmsptieeirelerqskylqdkmsakesfallsvlnqeekecatvsahss...slrkqspkvtlsceqkedve.gkkes 290 kphdlkkawkv+vLtavikhm p+i++ir+l+rqsk+lqdkm+akes+++l+++nqee+++++++++s sl+ +s ++ +++ +++dve +kes AT3G20770.1 239 KPHDLKKAWKVGVLTAVIKHMFPDIAKIRKLVRQSKCLQDKMTAKESATWLAIINQEESLARELYPESCpplSLSGGSCSLLMNDCSQYDVEgFEKES 336 ***************************************************************444579999************656666 PP X.XXXXXXXXXX.........................XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX......XXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX CS EIN3 291 kikhvqavktta.........................gfpvvrkrkkkpsesakvsskevsrtcqssqfrgsetelifadknsisqne 353 + +v++ k ++ + ++ rkrk +++ ++++ + + tc++ + +se + +f d+ns+++++ AT3G20770.1 337 H-YEVEELKPEKvmnssnfgmvakmhdfpvkeevpagNSEFMRKRKPNRDLNTIMDRT--VFTCENLGCAHSEISRGFLDRNSRDNHQ 421 6.7799999888999**************************9655556665544..7***********************98 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Pfam	PF04873	5.8E-129	49	296	No hit	No description
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.3180.10	7.8E-75	170	306	IPR023278	Ethylene insensitive 3-like protein, DNA-binding domain
SuperFamily	SSF116768	2.75E-60	175	299	IPR023278	Ethylene insensitive 3-like protein, DNA-binding domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0001666	Biological Process	response to hypoxia
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0009873	Biological Process	ethylene-activated signaling pathway
GO:0010182	Biological Process	sugar mediated signaling pathway
GO:0042742	Biological Process	defense response to bacterium
GO:0071281	Biological Process	cellular response to iron ion
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0000976	Molecular Function	transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000084	anatomy	plant sperm cell
PO:0000230	anatomy	inflorescence meristem
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0008019	anatomy	leaf lamina base
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009006	anatomy	shoot system
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0020030	anatomy	cotyledon
PO:0020038	anatomy	petiole
PO:0020100	anatomy	hypocotyl
PO:0020137	anatomy	leaf apex
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0025195	anatomy	pollen tube cell
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001016	developmental stage	L mature pollen stage
PO:0001017	developmental stage	M germinated pollen stage
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007064	developmental stage	LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage
PO:0007095	developmental stage	LP.08 eight leaves visible stage
PO:0007098	developmental stage	LP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007103	developmental stage	LP.10 ten leaves visible stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 628 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MMFNEMGMCG NMDFFSSGSL GEVDFCPVPQ AEPDSIVEDD YTDDEIDVDE LERRMWRDKM 60 RLKRLKEQDK GKEGVDAAKQ RQSQEQARRK KMSRAQDGIL KYMLKMMEVC KAQGFVYGII 120 PENGKPVTGA SDNLREWWKD KVRFDRNGPA AITKYQAENN IPGIHEGNNP IGPTPHTLQE 180 LQDTTLGSLL SALMQHCDPP QRRFPLEKGV PPPWWPNGKE DWWPQLGLPK DQGPAPYKKP 240 HDLKKAWKVG VLTAVIKHMF PDIAKIRKLV RQSKCLQDKM TAKESATWLA IINQEESLAR 300 ELYPESCPPL SLSGGSCSLL MNDCSQYDVE GFEKESHYEV EELKPEKVMN SSNFGMVAKM 360 HDFPVKEEVP AGNSEFMRKR KPNRDLNTIM DRTVFTCENL GCAHSEISRG FLDRNSRDNH 420 QLACPHRDSR LPYGAAPSRF HVNEVKPVVG FPQPRPVNSV AQPIDLTGIV PEDGQKMISE 480 LMSMYDRNVQ SNQTSMVMEN QSVSLLQPTV HNHQEHLQFP GNMVEGSFFE DLNIPNRANN 540 NNSSNNQTFF QGNNNNNNVF KFDTADHNNF EAAHNNNNNS SGNRFQLVFD STPFDMASFD 600 YRDDMSMPGV VGTMDGMQQK QQDVSIWF

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 628 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MMFNEMGMCG NMDFFSSGSL GEVDFCPVPQ AEPDSIVEDD YTDDEIDVDE LERRMWRDKM  60
RLKRLKEQDK GKEGVDAAKQ RQSQEQARRK KMSRAQDGIL KYMLKMMEVC KAQGFVYGII  120
PENGKPVTGA SDNLREWWKD KVRFDRNGPA AITKYQAENN IPGIHEGNNP IGPTPHTLQE  180
LQDTTLGSLL SALMQHCDPP QRRFPLEKGV PPPWWPNGKE DWWPQLGLPK DQGPAPYKKP  240
HDLKKAWKVG VLTAVIKHMF PDIAKIRKLV RQSKCLQDKM TAKESATWLA IINQEESLAR  300
ELYPESCPPL SLSGGSCSLL MNDCSQYDVE GFEKESHYEV EELKPEKVMN SSNFGMVAKM  360
HDFPVKEEVP AGNSEFMRKR KPNRDLNTIM DRTVFTCENL GCAHSEISRG FLDRNSRDNH  420
QLACPHRDSR LPYGAAPSRF HVNEVKPVVG FPQPRPVNSV AQPIDLTGIV PEDGQKMISE  480
LMSMYDRNVQ SNQTSMVMEN QSVSLLQPTV HNHQEHLQFP GNMVEGSFFE DLNIPNRANN  540
NNSSNNQTFF QGNNNNNNVF KFDTADHNNF EAAHNNNNNS SGNRFQLVFD STPFDMASFD  600
YRDDMSMPGV VGTMDGMQQK QQDVSIWF

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
4zds_A	3e-92	174	306	2	134	Protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3
4zds_B	3e-92	174	306	2	134	Protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3
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Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.24824	0.0	flower\| leaf\| root\| seed\| silique

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	30685926	0.0
Genevisible	257981_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT3G20770	-
AtGenExpress	AT3G20770	-
ATTED-II	AT3G20770	-

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes EIN3 (ethylene-insensitive3), a nuclear transcription factor that initiates downstream transcriptional cascades for ethylene responses.
UniProt	Probable transcription factor acting as a positive regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Is required for ethylene responsiveness in adult plant tissues. Binds a primary ethylene response element present in the ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 promoter with consequence to activate the transcription of this gene. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9215635, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9851977}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
Transcription factor EIN3 is required for the second phase but not the first phase of growth inhibition by ethylene in Arabidopsis seedling hypocotyls. [PMID: 15466219] Light induced regulation of gene expression involves stabilization of EIN3 protein. [PMID: 17011517] Data show that through control of EIN3/EIL1 levels, EBF1 and EBF2 fine-tune ethylene responses by repressing signaling in the absence of hormone, dampening signaling at high concentrations, and promoting rapid recovery after ethylene levels dissipate. [PMID: 17307926] The bifurcate and antagonistic CTR1 and MKK9 pathways are both critical in determining ethylene-signalling specificity through two MAPK phosphorylation sites with opposite effects on EIN3 stability [PMID: 18273012] An ethylene signal elevates the levels of EIN3, which directly binds and activates the EBF2 gene promoter. [PMID: 18466304] A mutation in the EIN3 gene delayed the water-stress related increase in alpha-tocopherol and caused a reduction in the levels of this antioxidant by ca. 30% compared to the wild type. [PMID: 19258016] Data provide evidence that EIN3/EIL1 directly target SID2 to downregulate PAMP defenses. [PMID: 19717619] our studies demonstrate that ethylene similarly regulates EIN3 and EIL1, the two master transcription factors coordinating myriad ethylene responses, and clarify that EIN2 but not MKK9 is required for ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 stabilization [PMID: 20647342] EIN3/EIL1 physically interact with FIT, are required for full FIT accumulation, and contribute to full FIT downstream target gene expression. [PMID: 21586684] identify EIN3/EIL1 as a key integration node whose activation requires both jasmonate and ethylene signaling as a common mechanism to integrate diverse signaling pathways in the regulation of plant development and defense [PMID: 21737749] the transcriptional complex of EIN3-ESE1 is a crucial event in the salt response, thereby connecting the transcriptional regulation of EIN3 and the downstream protein ESE1 in the salt response. [PMID: 21832142] At moderate doses of salinity, partial insensitivity to ethylene might be compensated by changes in endogenous levels of other phytohormones and lipid peroxidation-derived signals in the ein3-1 mutant exposed to salt stress. [PMID: 22209220] Photo-oxidative stress may increase upon iron deficiency, which is prevented by expression of EIN3/EIL1. [PMID: 22212120] SR1 plays an important role in plant immunity and ethylene signaling by directly regulating NDR1 and EIN3. [PMID: 22345509] Ethylene via EIN3 concomitantly activates two contrasting pathways: the PIF3-dependent growth-promoting pathway and an ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1)-mediated growth-inhibiting pathway. [PMID: 22818915] Ethylene-promoting hypocotyl via IAA is mediated by light, and COP1 has a significant impact on the transcription of some genes downstream of EIN3. Thus, COP1 plays a crucial role in the opposite effects of ethylene on hypocotyl elongation. [PMID: 22890836] The signaling pathway involving EIN2-EIN3-miR164-NAC2 regulates leaf senescence and provides a mechanistic insight into how ethylene promotes the progression of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. [PMID: 24064769] MYC2 interacts with EIN3 to attenuate the transcriptional activity of EIN3 and repress ET-enhanced apical hook curvature. [PMID: 24399301] YID1/MED16, together with MED25, regulate iron homeostasis by interacting with EIN3/EIL1 and regulating the expression of downstream genes. [PMID: 24456400] MYC2 physically interacts with EIN3 and inhibits its DNA binding activity [PMID: 24668749] High salinity induces EIN3 and EIL1 protein accumulation and activated EIN3 deters excess reactive oxygen species accumulation and increases salt tolerance. [PMID: 25330213] autophosphorylated BIK1 in the plasma membrane negatively regulates EIN3-dependent gene expression. [PMID: 26021844] EIN3, ORE1 and chlorophyll catabolic genes constitute a coherent feed-forward loop involving in the robust regulation of ethylene-mediated chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. [PMID: 26218222] these data suggest the detailed mechanism of DNA recognition by EIN3 and provide an in-depth view at molecular level for the transcriptional regulation mediated by EIN3. [PMID: 26352699] Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) promoted C-terminal end of ORE3/EIN2 (CEND cleavage and nuclear translocation. Nuclear CEND accumulated ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), a transcription factor that accelerates MeJA-induced leaf senescence. [PMID: 26507893] ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3) is involved into the direct regulation of YUC9 transcription in this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) functions as a transcriptional activator for YUC5/8/9. [PMID: 27716807] The light-activated association of phyB, EIN3, and EBF1/EBF2 proteins stimulates robust EIN3 degradation by SCF(EBF1/EBF2) E3 ligases. We reveal that phyB manipulates substrate-E3 ligase interactions in a light-dependent manner, thus directly controlling the stability of EIN3. [PMID: 27889482] possible regulatory mechanism of ethylene in sulfur metabolism through direct EIN3-SLIM1 interaction [PMID: 27968996] the opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 (EIN3) and EIN3-Like1 (EIL1), in salicylic acid-mediated suppression and jasmonic acid-mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2), through ORA59. [PMID: 28168848] EIN3-SOS2 might link the ethylene signaling pathway and the SOS pathway in Arabidopsis salt responses. [PMID: 28300216] The EIN3-PIF3 transcription module synergistically halts chloroplast development by interdependently co-occupying the promoters of LHC genes. [PMID: 29114016] ET-activated transcription factor ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) physically interacts with ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6), a well-documented positive regulator of hair cells, and that the two factors directly coactivate the hair length-determining gene RHD6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) to promote root hair elongation. [PMID: 29233944] Ethylene signaling plays a major role in the modulation of plant growth in A. thaliana and the ein3-1 mutant is not only altered in ethylene signaling but in the contents of several phytohormones in an organ-specific manner, thus indicating a hormonal cross-talk. [PMID: 29758376]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00367	DAP	27203113	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT3G20770.1

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G62380(A), AT1G74710(R), AT2G19590(A), AT2G25490(A), AT3G12500(A), AT3G23240(A), AT4G27440(A), AT5G25350(A), AT5G44420(A), AT5G47220(A), AT5G47230(A), AT5G54190(A)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	abscisic acid, ethylene

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT4G17880, AT5G46760, AT1G32640
IntAct	Search O24606

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT3G20770

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AB025629	0.0	AB025629.1 Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA, chromosome 3, P1 clone: MOE17.
GenBank	AF004216	0.0	AF004216.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene-insensitive3 (EIN3) mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	AF004217	0.0	AF004217.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene-insensitive3 (EIN3) gene, complete cds.
GenBank	AY069875	0.0	AY069875.2 Arabidopsis thaliana AT3g20770/MOE17_6 mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	CP002686	0.0	CP002686.1 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3, complete sequence.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_188713.1	0.0	Ethylene insensitive 3 family protein
Swissprot	O24606	0.0	EIN3_ARATH; Protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3
TrEMBL	A0A178VGP6	0.0	A0A178VGP6_ARATH; EIN3
STRING	AT3G20770.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM2135	28	79
Representative plant	OGRP563	16	82

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT3G20770.1
Entrez Gene	821625
iHOP	AT3G20770
wikigenes	AT3G20770

Publications ? help Back to Top
Chang C,Shockey JA The ethylene-response pathway: signal perception to gene regulation. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1999. 2(5): p. 352-8 [PMID:10508761] Kosugi S,Ohashi Y Cloning and DNA-binding properties of a tobacco Ethylene-Insensitive3 (EIN3) homolog. Nucleic Acids Res., 2000. 28(4): p. 960-7 [PMID:10648789] Stepanova AN,Ecker JR Ethylene signaling: from mutants to molecules. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2000. 3(5): p. 353-60 [PMID:11019801] Smalle J,Haegman M,Kurepa J,Straeten DV Ethylene can stimulate Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation in the light. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1997. 94(6): p. 2756-61 [PMID:11038610] Trentmann SM ERN1, a novel ethylene-regulated nuclear protein of Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol., 2000. 44(1): p. 11-25 [PMID:11094976] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Waki K,Shibuya K,Yoshioka T,Hashiba T,Satoh S Cloning of a cDNA encoding EIN3-like protein (DC-EIL1) and decrease in its mRNA level during senescence in carnation flower tissues. J. Exp. Bot., 2001. 52(355): p. 377-9 [PMID:11283184] Tieman DM,Ciardi JA,Taylor MG,Klee HJ Members of the tomato LeEIL (EIN3-like) gene family are functionally redundant and regulate ethylene responses throughout plant development. Plant J., 2001. 26(1): p. 47-58 [PMID:11359609] Wubben MJ,Su H,Rodermel SR,Baum TJ Susceptibility to the sugar beet cyst nematode is modulated by ethylene signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 2001. 14(10): p. 1206-12 [PMID:11605960] Wang KL,Li H,Ecker JR Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks. Plant Cell, 2002. 14 Suppl: p. S131-51 [PMID:12045274] Lorenzo O,Piqueras R,Sánchez-Serrano JJ,Solano R ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(1): p. 165-78 [PMID:12509529] Alonso JM, et al. Five components of the ethylene-response pathway identified in a screen for weak ethylene-insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2003. 100(5): p. 2992-7 [PMID:12606727] Ouaked F,Rozhon W,Lecourieux D,Hirt H A MAPK pathway mediates ethylene signaling in plants. EMBO J., 2003. 22(6): p. 1282-8 [PMID:12628921] León P,Sheen J Sugar and hormone connections. Trends Plant Sci., 2003. 8(3): p. 110-6 [PMID:12663220] Hiratsu K,Matsui K,Koyama T,Ohme-Takagi M Dominant repression of target genes by chimeric repressors that include the EAR motif, a repression domain, in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2003. 34(5): p. 733-9 [PMID:12787253] Lee JH,Kim WT Molecular and biochemical characterization of VR-EILs encoding mung bean ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE proteins. Plant Physiol., 2003. 132(3): p. 1475-88 [PMID:12857828] Rieu I,Mariani C,Weterings K Expression analysis of five tobacco EIN3 family members in relation to tissue-specific ethylene responses. J. Exp. Bot., 2003. 54(391): p. 2239-44 [PMID:12909687] Yanagisawa S,Yoo SD,Sheen J Differential regulation of EIN3 stability by glucose and ethylene signalling in plants. Nature, 2003. 425(6957): p. 521-5 [PMID:14523448] Yamada K, et al. Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science, 2003. 302(5646): p. 842-6 [PMID:14593172] Ogawara T,Higashi K,Kamada H,Ezura H Ethylene advances the transition from vegetative growth to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Plant Physiol., 2003. 160(11): p. 1335-40 [PMID:14658386] Bohman S,Staal J,Thomma BP,Wang M,Dixelius C Characterisation of an Arabidopsis-Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem: resistance partially requires camalexin biosynthesis and is independent of salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid signalling. Plant J., 2004. 37(1): p. 9-20 [PMID:14675428] Guo H,Ecker JR Plant responses to ethylene gas are mediated by SCF(EBF1/EBF2)-dependent proteolysis of EIN3 transcription factor. Cell, 2003. 115(6): p. 667-77 [PMID:14675532] Potuschak T, et al. EIN3-dependent regulation of plant ethylene hormone signaling by two arabidopsis F box proteins: EBF1 and EBF2. Cell, 2003. 115(6): p. 679-89 [PMID:14675533] Guo H,Ecker JR The ethylene signaling pathway: new insights. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2004. 7(1): p. 40-9 [PMID:14732440] Brocard-Gifford I,Lynch TJ,Garcia ME,Malhotra B,Finkelstein RR The Arabidopsis thaliana ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE8 encodes a novel protein mediating abscisic acid and sugar responses essential for growth. Plant Cell, 2004. 16(2): p. 406-21 [PMID:14742875] Seifert GJ,Barber C,Wells B,Roberts K Growth regulators and the control of nucleotide sugar flux. Plant Cell, 2004. 16(3): p. 723-30 [PMID:14973160] Gagne JM, et al. Arabidopsis EIN3-binding F-box 1 and 2 form ubiquitin-protein ligases that repress ethylene action and promote growth by directing EIN3 degradation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004. 101(17): p. 6803-8 [PMID:15090654] Chen G,Alexander L,Grierson D Constitutive expression of EIL-like transcription factor partially restores ripening in the ethylene-insensitive Nr tomato mutant. J. Exp. Bot., 2004. 55(402): p. 1491-7 [PMID:15181103] Klee HJ Ethylene signal transduction. Moving beyond Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(2): p. 660-7 [PMID:15208412] Binder BM,Mortimore LA,Stepanova AN,Ecker JR,Bleecker AB Short-term growth responses to ethylene in Arabidopsis seedlings are EIN3/EIL1 independent. Plant Physiol., 2004. 136(2): p. 2921-7 [PMID:15466219] Wubben MJ,Rodermel SR,Baum TJ Mutation of a UDP-glucose-4-epimerase alters nematode susceptibility and ethylene responses in Arabidopsis roots. Plant J., 2004. 40(5): p. 712-24 [PMID:15546354] Wang ZF,Ying TJ [Research progress of ethylene signal transduction in plants]. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao, 2004. 30(6): p. 601-8 [PMID:15643078] Chen YF,Etheridge N,Schaller GE Ethylene signal transduction. Ann. Bot., 2005. 95(6): p. 901-15 [PMID:15753119] Stepanova AN,Alonso JM Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathway. Sci. STKE, 2005. 2005(276): p. cm4 [PMID:15784880] McGrath KC, et al. Repressor- and activator-type ethylene response factors functioning in jasmonate signaling and disease resistance identified via a genome-wide screen of Arabidopsis transcription factor gene expression. Plant Physiol., 2005. 139(2): p. 949-59 [PMID:16183832] Brenner WG,Romanov GA,K Immediate-early and delayed cytokinin response genes of Arabidopsis thaliana identified by genome-wide expression profiling reveal novel cytokinin-sensitive processes and suggest cytokinin action through transcriptional cascades. Plant J., 2005. 44(2): p. 314-33 [PMID:16212609] Duarte JM, et al. Expression pattern shifts following duplication indicative of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization in regulatory genes of Arabidopsis. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2006. 23(2): p. 469-78 [PMID:16280546] Babula D, et al. Genes involved in biosynthesis and signalisation of ethylene in Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana: identification and genome comparative mapping of specific gene homologues. Theor. Appl. 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