PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT3G16857.2

Common Name

ARR1, K20I9.9, MUH15.1, RR1

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

ARR-B

Protein Properties

Length: 690aa MW: 75176.9 Da PI: 6.3652

Description

response regulator 1

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT3G16857.2	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	G2-like	90.4	1.6e-28	237	290	1	55
G2-like 1 kprlrWtpeLHerFveaveqLGGsekAtPktilelmkvkgLtlehvkSHLQkYRl 55 kpr++W+ eLH++Fv av+qL G ekA+Pk+ilelm+v+gLt+e+v+SHLQkYR+ AT3G16857.2 237 KPRVVWSVELHQQFVAAVNQL-GVEKAVPKKILELMNVPGLTRENVASHLQKYRI 290 79*****************.******************************7 PP
2	Response_reg	76	1.4e-25	39	147	1	109
EEEESSSHHHHHHHHHHHHHTTCEEEEEESSHHHHHHHHHHHH..ESEEEEESSCTTSEHHHHHHHHHHHTTTSEEEEEESTTTHHHHHHHHHTTES CS Response_reg 1 vlivdDeplvrellrqalekegyeevaeaddgeealellkekd..pDlillDiempgmdGlellkeireeepklpiivvtahgeeedalealkaGak 95 vl+vdD+p+ +++l+++l+ y ev+ + +e al ll++++ +D+++ D+ mp+mdG++ll++ e +lp+i+++a ++++ +l+ + Ga AT3G16857.2 39 VLVVDDDPTCLMILERMLRTCLY-EVTKCNRAEMALSLLRKNKhgFDIVISDVHMPDMDGFKLLEHVGLEM-DLPVIMMSADDSKSVVLKGVTHGAV 133 89*******************.***********888889******************6644.8******************** PP EEEESS--HHHHHH CS Response_reg 96 dflsKpfdpeelvk 109 d+l Kp+ +e+l + AT3G16857.2 134 DYLIKPVRMEALKN 147 *******99986 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
PIRSF	PIRSF036392	1.1E-220	16	682	IPR017053	Response regulator B-type, plant
SuperFamily	SSF52172	4.55E-36	35	173	IPR011006	CheY-like superfamily
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.40.50.2300	2.5E-41	36	174	No hit	No description
SMART	SM00448	7.4E-31	37	149	IPR001789	Signal transduction response regulator, receiver domain
PROSITE profile	PS50110	42.221	38	153	IPR001789	Signal transduction response regulator, receiver domain
Pfam	PF00072	8.3E-23	39	147	IPR001789	Signal transduction response regulator, receiver domain
CDD	cd00156	6.46E-28	40	152	No hit	No description
PROSITE profile	PS51294	11.54	234	293	IPR017930	Myb domain
SuperFamily	SSF46689	1.67E-19	235	294	IPR009057	Homeodomain-like
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.10.60	9.3E-30	236	295	IPR009057	Homeodomain-like
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01557	3.4E-24	237	290	IPR006447	Myb domain, plants
Pfam	PF00249	4.5E-8	239	289	IPR001005	SANT/Myb domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0000160	Biological Process	phosphorelay signal transduction system
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0009414	Biological Process	response to water deprivation
GO:0010082	Biological Process	regulation of root meristem growth
GO:0010380	Biological Process	regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
GO:0031537	Biological Process	regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
GO:0048367	Biological Process	shoot system development
GO:0080022	Biological Process	primary root development
GO:0080036	Biological Process	regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway
GO:0080113	Biological Process	regulation of seed growth
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0000156	Molecular Function	phosphorelay response regulator activity
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000025	anatomy	root tip
PO:0000036	anatomy	leaf vascular system
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000230	anatomy	inflorescence meristem
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0003000	anatomy	transition zone
PO:0005660	anatomy	hydathode
PO:0006079	anatomy	shoot system meristem
PO:0006339	anatomy	juvenile vascular leaf
PO:0008019	anatomy	leaf lamina base
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009006	anatomy	shoot system
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0009066	anatomy	anther
PO:0020030	anatomy	cotyledon
PO:0020038	anatomy	petiole
PO:0020100	anatomy	hypocotyl
PO:0020137	anatomy	leaf apex
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007064	developmental stage	LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage
PO:0007095	developmental stage	LP.08 eight leaves visible stage
PO:0007098	developmental stage	LP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007103	developmental stage	LP.10 ten leaves visible stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 690 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MMNPSHGRGL GSAGGSSSGR NQGGGGETVV EMFPSGLRVL VVDDDPTCLM ILERMLRTCL 60 YEVTKCNRAE MALSLLRKNK HGFDIVISDV HMPDMDGFKL LEHVGLEMDL PVIMMSADDS 120 KSVVLKGVTH GAVDYLIKPV RMEALKNIWQ HVVRKRRSEW SVPEHSGSIE ETGERQQQQH 180 RGGGGGAAVS GGEDAVDDNS SSVNEGNNWR SSSRKRKDEE GEEQGDDKDE DASNLKKPRV 240 VWSVELHQQF VAAVNQLGVE KAVPKKILEL MNVPGLTREN VASHLQKYRI YLRRLGGVSQ 300 HQGNLNNSFM TGQDASFGPL STLNGFDLQA LAVTGQLPAQ SLAQLQAAGL GRPAMVSKSG 360 LPVSSIVDER SIFSFDNTKT RFGEGLGHHG QQPQQQPQMN LLHGVPTGLQ QQLPMGNRMS 420 IQQQIAAVRA GNSVQNNGML MPLAGQQSLP RGPPPMLTSS QSSIRQPMLS NRISERSGFS 480 GRNNIPESSR VLPTSYTNLT TQHSSSSMPY NNFQPELPVN SFPLASAPGI SVPVRKATSY 540 QEEVNSSEAG FTTPSYDMFT TRQNDWDLRN IGIAFDSHQD SESAAFSASE AYSSSSMSRH 600 NTTVAATEHG RNHQQPPSGM VQHHQVYADG NGGSVRVKSE RVATDTATMA FHEQYSNQED 660 LMSALLKQEG IAPVDGEFDF DAYSIDNIPV

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 690 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MMNPSHGRGL GSAGGSSSGR NQGGGGETVV EMFPSGLRVL VVDDDPTCLM ILERMLRTCL  60
YEVTKCNRAE MALSLLRKNK HGFDIVISDV HMPDMDGFKL LEHVGLEMDL PVIMMSADDS  120
KSVVLKGVTH GAVDYLIKPV RMEALKNIWQ HVVRKRRSEW SVPEHSGSIE ETGERQQQQH  180
RGGGGGAAVS GGEDAVDDNS SSVNEGNNWR SSSRKRKDEE GEEQGDDKDE DASNLKKPRV  240
VWSVELHQQF VAAVNQLGVE KAVPKKILEL MNVPGLTREN VASHLQKYRI YLRRLGGVSQ  300
HQGNLNNSFM TGQDASFGPL STLNGFDLQA LAVTGQLPAQ SLAQLQAAGL GRPAMVSKSG  360
LPVSSIVDER SIFSFDNTKT RFGEGLGHHG QQPQQQPQMN LLHGVPTGLQ QQLPMGNRMS  420
IQQQIAAVRA GNSVQNNGML MPLAGQQSLP RGPPPMLTSS QSSIRQPMLS NRISERSGFS  480
GRNNIPESSR VLPTSYTNLT TQHSSSSMPY NNFQPELPVN SFPLASAPGI SVPVRKATSY  540
QEEVNSSEAG FTTPSYDMFT TRQNDWDLRN IGIAFDSHQD SESAAFSASE AYSSSSMSRH  600
NTTVAATEHG RNHQQPPSGM VQHHQVYADG NGGSVRVKSE RVATDTATMA FHEQYSNQED  660
LMSALLKQEG IAPVDGEFDF DAYSIDNIPV

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
1irz_A	7e-23	236	295	4	63	ARR10-B
Search in ModeBase

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.48672	0.0	flower\| leaf\| root\| seed

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	186510154	0.0
Genevisible	256790_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT3G16857	-
AtGenExpress	AT3G16857	-
ATTED-II	AT3G16857	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed only from 5 days post germination onward, when the fixed meristem cell number is established. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17363254}.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Detected in the whole plant. Expressed at the root transition zone (PubMed:17363254). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15173562, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17363254, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9891419}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes an Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) protein that acts in concert with other type-B ARRs in the cytokinin signaling pathway.
UniProt	Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins. Regulates SHY2 by binding to its promoter (PubMed:19039136). Involved in the root-meristem size determination through the regulation of cell differentiation (PubMed:17363254). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11574878, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11691951, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17363254, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19039136}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
arr1-1 mutation clearly affected the primary response in at least 17 genes, meaning that they respond primarily to cytokinins through the function of ARR1 [PMID: 17202182] The results of this study suggested that ARR1, ARR10 and ARR12 together play essential (or general) roles in cytokinin signal transduction. [PMID: 18037673] Suppression of pleiotropic cytokinin activities by a dominant repressor version of a B-type ARR indicates that this protein family is involved in mediating most, if not all, of the cytokinin activities. [PMID: 18502977] Results support a model in which cytokinin regulates a wide array of downstream responses through the action of a multistep phosphorelay that culminates in transcriptional regulation by ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12. [PMID: 18723577] ARR1 activates SHY2 gene, repressor of auxin signaling that negatively regulates PIN auxin transport facilitator genes: cytokinin causes auxin redistribution, prompting differentiation; auxin mediates degradation of SHY2, sustaining cell division [PMID: 19039136] Cytokinin regulates sodium homeostasis via ARR1 and ARR12, and acts through ARR1 and ARR12 to regulate AtHKT1;1 expression. [PMID: 21105923] ARR1 mediates cold signal via AHP2 (Arabidopsis histidine kinase 2), AHP3, or AHP5. [PMID: 23124324] A nitrosomimetic mutation of AHP1 causes reduced phosphorylation of AHP1 and ARR1, thereby resulting in a compromised cytokinin response. [PMID: 23443557] Data indicate that one of the immediate early cytokinin response genes is ARR6, which has been shown to be a direct target gene of ARR1, ARR2 and other type-B ARRs. [PMID: 23620480] Data indicate that a family of F-box proteins, called the kiss me deadly (KMD) family KMD1-4, targets type-B ARR proteins (ARR1) for degradation. [PMID: 23720308] Cytokinin signaling increases the abundance of ARR1, a ubiquitously expressed type-B response regulators (RRB), by preventing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. [PMID: 24617630] low temperature inhibits root growth by reducing auxin accumulation via ARR1/12. [PMID: 25552473] The cytokinin module ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE3 (AHK3)/ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1)/ARR12 was found to interact with the GR24-dependent reduction in LR development, because mutants in this pathway rendered LR development insensitive to GR24. [PMID: 26519957] SCR mediates ARR1 transcriptional suppression via the RGA protein. [PMID: 26848984] An arr1,10,12 triple mutant had more drought tolerance due to enhanced cell membrane integrity, anthocyanin synthesis, abscissic acid hypersensitivity, and reduced stomatal aperture. Dehydration and ABA repressed all 3 genes. RR1 is the most critical. [PMID: 26884175] Data suggest that shoot removal induces the quantitative and qualitative development of chloroplasts in roots, with cytokinin signaling via RESPONSE REGULATOR (ARR)-ARR1 and ARR12 functioning downstream of wounding signaling to up-regulate genes associated with chloroplast development. [PMID: 28193764] The expression signals of AG were detected in the initiating carpel primordia and regenerating carpels, and co-localized with those of two Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), ARR1 and ARR10. [PMID: 29186581] ARR1 role in shoot branching. [PMID: 29717021]

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT3G16857.2

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Down-regulated by gibberellin. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20605455}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT5G62920(A)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	cytokinin

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G53170
IntAct	Search Q940D0

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT3G16857

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AK176489	0.0	AK176489.1 Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA for putative ARR1 protein, complete cds, clone: RAFL24-30-K07.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_566561.2	0.0	response regulator 1
Swissprot	Q940D0	0.0	ARR1_ARATH; Two-component response regulator ARR1
TrEMBL	Q67YH9	0.0	Q67YH9_ARATH; Two-component response regulator
STRING	AT3G16857.2	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM2403	27	73
Representative plant	OGRP292	17	120

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT3G16857.2
Entrez Gene	820940
iHOP	AT3G16857
wikigenes	AT3G16857

Publications ? help Back to Top
Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Sakai H,Aoyama T,Oka A Arabidopsis ARR1 and ARR2 response regulators operate as transcriptional activators. Plant J., 2000. 24(6): p. 703-11 [PMID:11135105] Suzuki T,Sakurai K,Ueguchi C,Mizuno T Two types of putative nuclear factors that physically interact with histidine-containing phosphotransfer (Hpt) domains, signaling mediators in His-to-Asp phosphorelay, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2001. 42(1): p. 37-45 [PMID:11158442] Hwang I,Sheen J Two-component circuitry in Arabidopsis cytokinin signal transduction. Nature, 2001. 413(6854): p. 383-9 [PMID:11574878] Sakai H, et al. ARR1, a transcription factor for genes immediately responsive to cytokinins. Science, 2001. 294(5546): p. 1519-21 [PMID:11691951] Haberer G,Kieber JJ Cytokinins. New insights into a classic phytohormone. Plant Physiol., 2002. 128(2): p. 354-62 [PMID:11842139] Hutchison CE,Kieber JJ Cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2002. 14 Suppl: p. S47-59 [PMID:12045269] Hwang I,Chen HC,Sheen J Two-component signal transduction pathways in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2002. 129(2): p. 500-15 [PMID:12068096] Che P,Gingerich DJ,Lall S,Howell SH Global and hormone-induced gene expression changes during shoot development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2002. 14(11): p. 2771-85 [PMID:12417700] Oka A,Sakai H,Iwakoshi S His-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction in higher plants: receptors and response regulators for cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Genet. Syst., 2002. 77(6): p. 383-91 [PMID:12589073] Imamura A,Kiba T,Tajima Y,Yamashino T,Mizuno T In vivo and in vitro characterization of the ARR11 response regulator implicated in the His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2003. 44(2): p. 122-31 [PMID:12610214] Aoyama T,Oka A Cytokinin signal transduction in plant cells. J. Plant Res., 2003. 116(3): p. 221-31 [PMID:12836044] Rashotte AM,Carson SD,To JP,Kieber JJ Expression profiling of cytokinin action in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2003. 132(4): p. 1998-2011 [PMID:12913156] Yamada K, et al. Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science, 2003. 302(5646): p. 842-6 [PMID:14593172] Tajima Y, et al. Comparative studies on the type-B response regulators revealing their distinctive properties in the His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2004. 45(1): p. 28-39 [PMID:14749483] Tanaka Y,Suzuki T,Yamashino T,Mizuno T Comparative studies of the AHP histidine-containing phosphotransmitters implicated in His-to-Asp phosphorelay in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2004. 68(2): p. 462-5 [PMID:14981318] Mason MG,Li J,Mathews DE,Kieber JJ,Schaller GE Type-B response regulators display overlapping expression patterns in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(2): p. 927-37 [PMID:15173562] Ross EJ, et al. Activation of the Oryza sativa non-symbiotic haemoglobin-2 promoter by the cytokinin-regulated transcription factor, ARR1. J. Exp. Bot., 2004. 55(403): p. 1721-31 [PMID:15258171] Bürkle L,Meyer S,Dortay H,Lehrach H,Heyl A In vitro recombination cloning of entire cDNA libraries in Arabidopsis thaliana and its application to the yeast two-hybrid system. Funct. Integr. Genomics, 2005. 5(3): p. 175-83 [PMID:15714319] Mason MG, et al. Multiple type-B response regulators mediate cytokinin signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(11): p. 3007-18 [PMID:16227453] Dortay H,Mehnert N,B Analysis of protein interactions within the cytokinin-signaling pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS J., 2006. 273(20): p. 4631-44 [PMID:16965536] Yokoyama A, et al. Type-B ARR transcription factors, ARR10 and ARR12, are implicated in cytokinin-mediated regulation of protoxylem differentiation in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2007. 48(1): p. 84-96 [PMID:17132632] Taniguchi M,Sasaki N,Tsuge T,Aoyama T,Oka A ARR1 directly activates cytokinin response genes that encode proteins with diverse regulatory functions. Plant Cell Physiol., 2007. 48(2): p. 263-77 [PMID:17202182] Dello Ioio R, et al. Cytokinins determine Arabidopsis root-meristem size by controlling cell differentiation. Curr. Biol., 2007. 17(8): p. 678-82 [PMID:17363254] Ishida K,Yamashino T,Yokoyama A,Mizuno T Three type-B response regulators, ARR1, ARR10 and ARR12, play essential but redundant roles in cytokinin signal transduction throughout the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2008. 49(1): p. 47-57 [PMID:18037673] Heyl A, et al. The transcriptional repressor ARR1-SRDX suppresses pleiotropic cytokinin activities in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2008. 147(3): p. 1380-95 [PMID:18502977] Manzano C,Abraham Z,L Identification of ubiquitinated proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol., 2008. 68(1-2): p. 145-58 [PMID:18535787] Dortay H, et al. Toward an interaction map of the two-component signaling pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Proteome Res., 2008. 7(9): p. 3649-60 [PMID:18642946] Ascencio-Ib Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection. Plant Physiol., 2008. 148(1): p. 436-54 [PMID:18650403] Argyros RD, et al. Type B response regulators of Arabidopsis play key roles in cytokinin signaling and plant development. Plant Cell, 2008. 20(8): p. 2102-16 [PMID:18723577] Dello Ioio R, et al. A genetic framework for the control of cell division and differentiation in the root meristem. Science, 2008. 322(5906): p. 1380-4 [PMID:19039136] Moubayidin L, et al. The rate of cell differentiation controls the Arabidopsis root meristem growth phase. Curr. Biol., 2010. 20(12): p. 1138-43 [PMID:20605455] Perochon A, et al. Interaction of a plant pseudo-response regulator with a calmodulin-like protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2010. 398(4): p. 747-51 [PMID:20627089] Mason MG, et al. Type-B response regulators ARR1 and ARR12 regulate expression of AtHKT1;1 and accumulation of sodium in Arabidopsis shoots. Plant J., 2010. 64(5): p. 753-63 [PMID:21105923] Zhou ZY, et al. Functional characterization of the CKRC1/TAA1 gene and dissection of hormonal actions in the Arabidopsis root. Plant J., 2011. 66(3): p. 516-27 [PMID:21255165] Nemoto K, et al. Autophosphorylation profiling of Arabidopsis protein kinases using the cell-free system. Phytochemistry, 2011. 72(10): p. 1136-44 [PMID:21477822] Zheng X, et al. AUXIN UP-REGULATED F-BOX PROTEIN1 regulates the cross talk between auxin transport and cytokinin signaling during plant root growth. Plant Physiol., 2011. 156(4): p. 1878-93 [PMID:21653785] Kushwah S,Jones AM,Laxmi A Cytokinin interplay with ethylene, auxin, and glucose signaling controls Arabidopsis seedling root directional growth. Plant Physiol., 2011. 156(4): p. 1851-66 [PMID:21666052] Cutcliffe JW,Hellmann E,Heyl A,Rashotte AM CRFs form protein-protein interactions with each other and with members of the cytokinin signalling pathway in Arabidopsis via the CRF domain. J. Exp. Bot., 2011. 62(14): p. 4995-5002 [PMID:21705390] Klopffleisch K, et al. Arabidopsis G-protein interactome reveals connections to cell wall carbohydrates and morphogenesis. Mol. Syst. Biol., 2011. 7: p. 532 [PMID:21952135] Wang J,Ma XM,Kojima M,Sakakibara H,Hou BK N-glucosyltransferase UGT76C2 is involved in cytokinin homeostasis and cytokinin response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2011. 52(12): p. 2200-13 [PMID:22051886] Das PK, et al. Cytokinins enhance sugar-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Mol. Cells, 2012. 34(1): p. 93-101 [PMID:22699753] Jeon J,Kim J Arabidopsis response Regulator1 and Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer Protein2 (AHP2), AHP3, and AHP5 function in cold signaling. Plant Physiol., 2013. 161(1): p. 408-24 [PMID:23124324] Wang J,Ma XM,Kojima M,Sakakibara H,Hou BK Glucosyltransferase UGT76C1 finely modulates cytokinin responses via cytokinin N-glucosylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2013. 65: p. 9-16 [PMID:23416491] Feng J, et al. S-nitrosylation of phosphotransfer proteins represses cytokinin signaling. Nat Commun, 2013. 4: p. 1529 [PMID:23443557] Hill K, et al. Functional characterization of type-B response regulators in the Arabidopsis cytokinin response. Plant Physiol., 2013. 162(1): p. 212-24 [PMID:23482873] Ramireddy E,Brenner WG,Pfeifer A,Heyl A,Schm In planta analysis of a cis-regulatory cytokinin response motif in Arabidopsis and identification of a novel enhancer sequence. Plant Cell Physiol., 2013. 54(7): p. 1079-92 [PMID:23620480] Kim HJ,Chiang YH,Kieber JJ,Schaller GE SCF(KMD) controls cytokinin signaling by regulating the degradation of type-B response regulators. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2013. 110(24): p. 10028-33 [PMID:23720308] Moubayidin L, et al. Spatial coordination between stem cell activity and cell differentiation in the root meristem. Dev. Cell, 2013. 26(4): p. 405-15 [PMID:23987513] Takahashi N, et al. Cytokinins control endocycle onset by promoting the expression of an APC/C activator in Arabidopsis roots. Curr. Biol., 2013. 23(18): p. 1812-7 [PMID:24035544] Kurepa J,Li Y,Perry SE,Smalle JA Ectopic expression of the phosphomimic mutant version of Arabidopsis response regulator 1 promotes a constitutive cytokinin response phenotype. BMC Plant Biol., 2014. 14: p. 28 [PMID:24423196] Cortleven A, et al. A novel protective function for cytokinin in the light stress response is mediated by the Arabidopsis histidine kinase2 and Arabidopsis histidine kinase3 receptors. Plant Physiol., 2014. 164(3): p. 1470-83 [PMID:24424319] Kurepa J,Li Y,Smalle JA Cytokinin signaling stabilizes the response activator ARR1. Plant J., 2014. 78(1): p. 157-68 [PMID:24617630] Zhu J, et al. Low temperature inhibits root growth by reducing auxin accumulation via ARR1/12. Plant Cell Physiol., 2015. 56(4): p. 727-36 [PMID:25552473] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. 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