PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Transcription Factor Information
Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence | 
Basic Information? help Back to Top
TF ID AT2G47460.1
Common NameATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, T30B22.24
Organism
Taxonomic ID
Taxonomic Lineage
cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Family MYB
Protein Properties Length: 371aa    MW: 41393.8 Da    PI: 4.8556
Description myb domain protein 12
Gene Model
Gene Model ID Type Source Coding Sequence
AT2G47460.1genomeTAIRView CDS
Signature Domain? help Back to Top
Signature Domain
No. Domain Score E-value Start End HMM Start HMM End
1Myb_DNA-binding51.22.9e-161461148
                     TSSS-HHHHHHHHHHHHHTTTT-HHHHHHHHTTTS-HHHHHHHHHHHT CS
  Myb_DNA-binding  1 rgrWTteEdellvdavkqlGggtWktIartmgkgRtlkqcksrwqkyl 48
                     rgrWT+eEd++l ++++  G g+W++ ++  g++R++k+c++rw +yl
      AT2G47460.1 14 RGRWTAEEDQILSNYIQSNGEGSWRSLPKNAGLKRCGKSCRLRWINYL 61
                     8*********************************************97 PP

2Myb_DNA-binding56.27.7e-1867112148
                      TSSS-HHHHHHHHHHHHHTTTT-HHHHHHHHTTTS-HHHHHHHHHHHT CS
  Myb_DNA-binding   1 rgrWTteEdellvdavkqlGggtWktIartmgkgRtlkqcksrwqkyl 48 
                      rg+ T+eE+el v+++  lG++ W++Ia +++ gRt++++k++w+++l
      AT2G47460.1  67 RGNITPEEEELVVKLHSTLGNR-WSLIAGHLP-GRTDNEIKNYWNSHL 112
                      7999******************.*********.************986 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top
3D Structure
Database Entry ID E-value Start End InterPro ID Description
Gene3DG3DSA:1.10.10.606.2E-22564IPR009057Homeodomain-like
PROSITE profilePS5129417.114961IPR017930Myb domain
SuperFamilySSF466891.46E-2811108IPR009057Homeodomain-like
SMARTSM007176.5E-121363IPR001005SANT/Myb domain
PfamPF002492.0E-141461IPR001005SANT/Myb domain
CDDcd001675.94E-91661No hitNo description
PROSITE profilePS5129426.42362116IPR017930Myb domain
Gene3DG3DSA:1.10.10.601.0E-2565116IPR009057Homeodomain-like
SMARTSM007178.8E-1766114IPR001005SANT/Myb domain
PfamPF002491.5E-1567112IPR001005SANT/Myb domain
CDDcd001675.80E-1271112No hitNo description
Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term GO Category GO Description
GO:0006357Biological Processregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0009651Biological Processresponse to salt stress
GO:0009723Biological Processresponse to ethylene
GO:0009733Biological Processresponse to auxin
GO:0009813Biological Processflavonoid biosynthetic process
GO:0030154Biological Processcell differentiation
GO:0045893Biological Processpositive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0005634Cellular Componentnucleus
GO:0000981Molecular FunctionRNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0001135Molecular Functiontranscription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor recruiting
GO:0043565Molecular Functionsequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0044212Molecular Functiontranscription regulatory region DNA binding
Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term PO Category PO Description
PO:0000037anatomyshoot apex
PO:0009005anatomyroot
PO:0009006anatomyshoot system
PO:0009009anatomyplant embryo
PO:0009010anatomyseed
PO:0009029anatomystamen
PO:0009030anatomycarpel
PO:0009031anatomysepal
PO:0009032anatomypetal
PO:0009046anatomyflower
PO:0009052anatomyflower pedicel
PO:0020100anatomyhypocotyl
PO:0025022anatomycollective leaf structure
PO:0001078developmental stageplant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081developmental stagemature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185developmental stageplant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507developmental stageplant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007611developmental stagepetal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616developmental stageflowering stage
Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence    Length: 371 aa     Download sequence    Send to blast
MGRAPCCEKV GIKRGRWTAE EDQILSNYIQ SNGEGSWRSL PKNAGLKRCG KSCRLRWINY  60
LRSDLKRGNI TPEEEELVVK LHSTLGNRWS LIAGHLPGRT DNEIKNYWNS HLSRKLHNFI  120
RKPSISQDVS AVIMTNASSA PPPPQAKRRL GRTSRSAMKP KIHRTKTRKT KKTSAPPEPN  180
ADVAGADKEA LMVESSGAEA ELGRPCDYYG DDCNKNLMSI NGDNGVLTFD DDIIDLLLDE  240
SDPGHLYTNT TCGGDGELHN IRDSEGARGF SDTWNQGNLD CLLQSCPSVE SFLNYDHQVN  300
DASTDEFIDW DCVWQEGSDN NLWHEKENPD SMVSWLLDGD DEATIGNSNC ENFGEPLDHD  360
DESALVAWLL S
3D Structure ? help Back to Top
Structure
PDB ID Evalue Query Start Query End Hit Start Hit End Description
1h8a_C9e-231211625128MYB TRANSFORMING PROTEIN
Search in ModeBase
Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source ID E-value
GEO1453610910.0
Genevisible245126_at0.0
Expression AtlasAT2G47460-
AtGenExpressAT2G47460-
ATTED-IIAT2G47460-
Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniprotDEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: In seedlings, predominantly expressed in roots. Expressed predominantly in the root, in the vascular tissue of the hypocotyl-root transition zone and, at low levels, at the region of apical meristem and the apex of cotyledons. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17419845}.
UniprotTISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in stems and flower buds (PubMed:9839469). Expressed in seedlings, roots, cotyledons and apical meristems (PubMed:17419845). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17419845, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9839469}.
Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
TAIR"MYB12 belongs to subgroup 7 of the R2R3-MYB family. It strongly activates the promoters of chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS) and - to a lesser extent - chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHI), but cannot activate the promoters of flavonoid-3'hydroxylase (F3'H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DF). The activation requires a functional MYB recognition element (MRE). Results from the myb12-1f allele indicate that an activation domain might be present in the C-terminus. Overexpression or knock-out plants do not show any obvious phenotype under greenhouse conditions. Young myb12-ko seedlings contain reduced amounts of flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol), while seedlings as well as leaves of MYB12-OX plants displayed an increased flavonoid content. They did not show any significant difference in anthocyanin content. Expression of CHS and FLS shows a clear correlation to MYB12 expression levels. CHI and F3H show increased transcript levels in the MYB12-OX lines, but no differences in the knock-out. Even in the absence of functional MYB12, flavonol biosynthesis is not completely absent, suggesting functional redundancy. " The redundant factors are MYB11 and MYB111 although MYB12 is primarily required for flavonol biosynthesis in roots.
UniProtFlavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Controls flavonol biosynthesis mainly in the root (PubMed:17419845, PubMed:20731781). Confers tolerance to UV-B (PubMed:19895401). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15923334, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17419845, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19895401, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20731781}.
Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
  1. The characterization of MYB12 as a flavonol-specific activator of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. thaliana is reported.
    [PMID: 15923334]
  2. The quantity and diversity of flavonoids is increased by overexpressing MYB12/PAP1. Flavonoids enhances both biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
    [PMID: 24274116]
  3. AtMYB12 was overexpressed in a commercial cultivar of kale and the transgenic plants were tested both in in vitro and in semi-field conditions. A severalfold increase in both total phenolics content and flavonol accumulation was achieved.
    [PMID: 24792422]
  4. results demonstrate that modulation of primary carbon metabolism and other pathways by AtMYB12 in tomato may lead to sufficient substrate supply for enhanced content of phenolics in general and flavonols in particular.
    [PMID: 26206248]
  5. Results showed that AtMYB12-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited increased levels of flavonoids and enhanced salt and drought tolerance suggesting that overexpression of AtMYB12 up-regulates genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, abscisic acid biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis and ROS-scavenging system, resulting in significant physiological changes.
    [PMID: 27033553]
  6. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB12 (AtMYB12) activation domain (AD) was identified in the amino acid region 273 to 325 (of 371), with the region 309-325 having the most relevant effect on activation capacity.
    [PMID: 28284041]
Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID Method Source Motif file
MP00627PBMTransfer from PK06182.1Download
Motif logo
Cis-element ? help Back to Top
SourceLink
PlantRegMapAT2G47460.1
Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source Description
UniProtINDUCTION: By nitrogen deficiency, sucrose and UV LIGHT (PubMed:17053893, PubMed:9839469). Triggered by HY5 in response to light and UV-B (PubMed:19895401). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17053893, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19895401, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9839469}.
Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source Upstream Regulator Target Gene
PlantRegMapRetrieveRetrieve
Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM AT5G11260 (A)
Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM AT3G51240(A), AT4G15480(A), AT5G08640(A), AT5G13930(A)
Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source Intact With
BioGRIDAT5G37260, AT1G10585, AT1G53230
Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source ID
T-DNA ExpressAT2G47460
Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
GenBankAY0605880.0AY060588.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At2g47460/T30B22.24 mRNA, complete cds.
GenBankAY1420670.0AY142067.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At2g47460/T30B22.24 mRNA, complete cds.
GenBankAY5195800.0AY519580.1 Arabidopsis thaliana MYB transcription factor (At2g47460) mRNA, complete cds.
Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source Hit ID E-value Description
RefseqNP_182268.10.0myb domain protein 12
SwissprotO222640.0MYB12_ARATH; Transcription factor MYB12
TrEMBLD7LGN20.0D7LGN2_ARALL; Uncharacterized protein
STRINGAT2G47460.10.0(Arabidopsis thaliana)
Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
LineageOrthologous Group IDTaxa NumberGene Number
MalvidsOGEM4282646
Representative plantOGRP5171784
Publications ? help Back to Top
  1. Riechmann JL, et al.
    Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes.
    Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10
    [PMID:11118137]
  2. Stracke R,Werber M,Weisshaar B
    The R2R3-MYB gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2001. 4(5): p. 447-56
    [PMID:11597504]
  3. Yamada K, et al.
    Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome.
    Science, 2003. 302(5646): p. 842-6
    [PMID:14593172]
  4. Hoth S, et al.
    Monitoring genome-wide changes in gene expression in response to endogenous cytokinin reveals targets in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    FEBS Lett., 2003. 554(3): p. 373-80
    [PMID:14623097]
  5. Liu F, et al.
    Global transcription profiling reveals comprehensive insights into hypoxic response in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Physiol., 2005. 137(3): p. 1115-29
    [PMID:15734912]
  6. Mehrtens F,Kranz H,Bednarek P,Weisshaar B
    The Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB12 is a flavonol-specific regulator of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
    Plant Physiol., 2005. 138(2): p. 1083-96
    [PMID:15923334]
  7. Duarte JM, et al.
    Expression pattern shifts following duplication indicative of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization in regulatory genes of Arabidopsis.
    Mol. Biol. Evol., 2006. 23(2): p. 469-78
    [PMID:16280546]
  8. Yanhui C, et al.
    The MYB transcription factor superfamily of Arabidopsis: expression analysis and phylogenetic comparison with the rice MYB family.
    Plant Mol. Biol., 2006. 60(1): p. 107-24
    [PMID:16463103]
  9. Oravecz A, et al.
    CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 is required for the UV-B response in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell, 2006. 18(8): p. 1975-90
    [PMID:16829591]
  10. Takos AM, et al.
    Light-induced expression of a MYB gene regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in red apples.
    Plant Physiol., 2006. 142(3): p. 1216-32
    [PMID:17012405]
  11. Lea US,Slimestad R,Smedvig P,Lillo C
    Nitrogen deficiency enhances expression of specific MYB and bHLH transcription factors and accumulation of end products in the flavonoid pathway.
    Planta, 2007. 225(5): p. 1245-53
    [PMID:17053893]
  12. Lee J, et al.
    Analysis of transcription factor HY5 genomic binding sites revealed its hierarchical role in light regulation of development.
    Plant Cell, 2007. 19(3): p. 731-49
    [PMID:17337630]
  13. Stracke R, et al.
    Differential regulation of closely related R2R3-MYB transcription factors controls flavonol accumulation in different parts of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling.
    Plant J., 2007. 50(4): p. 660-77
    [PMID:17419845]
  14. Kleine T,Kindgren P,Benedict C,Hendrickson L,Strand A
    Genome-wide gene expression analysis reveals a critical role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the response of Arabidopsis to high irradiance.
    Plant Physiol., 2007. 144(3): p. 1391-406
    [PMID:17478635]
  15. Luo J, et al.
    AtMYB12 regulates caffeoyl quinic acid and flavonol synthesis in tomato: expression in fruit results in very high levels of both types of polyphenol.
    Plant J., 2008. 56(2): p. 316-26
    [PMID:18643978]
  16. Yonekura-Sakakibara K, et al.
    Comprehensive flavonol profiling and transcriptome coexpression analysis leading to decoding gene-metabolite correlations in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell, 2008. 20(8): p. 2160-76
    [PMID:18757557]
  17. Olsen KM, et al.
    Temperature and nitrogen effects on regulators and products of the flavonoid pathway: experimental and kinetic model studies.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2009. 32(3): p. 286-99
    [PMID:19054348]
  18. Czemmel S, et al.
    The grapevine R2R3-MYB transcription factor VvMYBF1 regulates flavonol synthesis in developing grape berries.
    Plant Physiol., 2009. 151(3): p. 1513-30
    [PMID:19741049]
  19. Stracke R, et al.
    The Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factor HY5 regulates expression of the PFG1/MYB12 gene in response to light and ultraviolet-B radiation.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2010. 33(1): p. 88-103
    [PMID:19895401]
  20. Rubin G,Tohge T,Matsuda F,Saito K,Scheible WR
    Members of the LBD family of transcription factors repress anthocyanin synthesis and affect additional nitrogen responses in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell, 2009. 21(11): p. 3567-84
    [PMID:19933203]
  21. Misra P, et al.
    Modulation of transcriptome and metabolome of tobacco by Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, leads to insect resistance.
    Plant Physiol., 2010. 152(4): p. 2258-68
    [PMID:20190095]
  22. Stracke R, et al.
    Analysis of PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES-dependent flavonol glycoside accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana plants reveals MYB11-, MYB12- and MYB111-independent flavonol glycoside accumulation.
    New Phytol., 2010. 188(4): p. 985-1000
    [PMID:20731781]
  23. Tossi V,Amenta M,Lamattina L,Cassia R
    Nitric oxide enhances plant ultraviolet-B protection up-regulating gene expression of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2011. 34(6): p. 909-21
    [PMID:21332509]
  24. Lewis DR, et al.
    Auxin and ethylene induce flavonol accumulation through distinct transcriptional networks.
    Plant Physiol., 2011. 156(1): p. 144-64
    [PMID:21427279]
  25. Schenke D,B
    Crosstalk between abiotic ultraviolet-B stress and biotic (flg22) stress signalling in Arabidopsis prevents flavonol accumulation in favor of pathogen defence compound production.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2011. 34(11): p. 1849-64
    [PMID:21707654]
  26. Park NI, et al.
    Enhancement of rutin in Fagopyrum esculentum hairy root cultures by the Arabidopsis transcription factor AtMYB12.
    Biotechnol. Lett., 2012. 34(3): p. 577-83
    [PMID:22113884]
  27. Routaboul JM, et al.
    Metabolite profiling and quantitative genetics of natural variation for flavonoids in Arabidopsis.
    J. Exp. Bot., 2012. 63(10): p. 3749-64
    [PMID:22442426]
  28. Pandey A,Misra P,Chandrashekar K,Trivedi PK
    Development of AtMYB12-expressing transgenic tobacco callus culture for production of rutin with biopesticidal potential.
    Plant Cell Rep., 2012. 31(10): p. 1867-76
    [PMID:22733206]
  29. Brenner WG,Schm
    Transcript profiling of cytokinin action in Arabidopsis roots and shoots discovers largely similar but also organ-specific responses.
    BMC Plant Biol., 2012. 12: p. 112
    [PMID:22824128]
  30. Nakatsuka T, et al.
    Isolation and characterization of GtMYBP3 and GtMYBP4, orthologues of R2R3-MYB transcription factors that regulate early flavonoid biosynthesis, in gentian flowers.
    J. Exp. Bot., 2012. 63(18): p. 6505-17
    [PMID:23125348]
  31. Efroni I, et al.
    Regulation of leaf maturation by chromatin-mediated modulation of cytokinin responses.
    Dev. Cell, 2013. 24(4): p. 438-45
    [PMID:23449474]
  32. Tilbrook K, et al.
    The UVR8 UV-B Photoreceptor: Perception, Signaling and Response.
    Arabidopsis Book, 2013. 11: p. e0164
    [PMID:23864838]
  33. Pandey A, et al.
    Co-expression of Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, and soybean isoflavone synthase, GmIFS1, genes in tobacco leads to enhanced biosynthesis of isoflavones and flavonols resulting in osteoprotective activity.
    Plant Biotechnol. J., 2014. 12(1): p. 69-80
    [PMID:24102754]
  34. Li S,Zachgo S
    TCP3 interacts with R2R3-MYB proteins, promotes flavonoid biosynthesis and negatively regulates the auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Plant J., 2013. 76(6): p. 901-13
    [PMID:24118612]
  35. Nakabayashi R, et al.
    Enhancement of oxidative and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by overaccumulation of antioxidant flavonoids.
    Plant J., 2014. 77(3): p. 367-79
    [PMID:24274116]
  36. Schenke D,Cai D,Scheel D
    Suppression of UV-B stress responses by flg22 is regulated at the chromatin level via histone modification.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2014. 37(7): p. 1716-21
    [PMID:24450952]
  37. L
    Heterologous expression of AtMYB12 in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) leads to high flavonol accumulation.
    Plant Cell Rep., 2014. 33(8): p. 1377-88
    [PMID:24792422]
  38. Lumba S, et al.
    A mesoscale abscisic acid hormone interactome reveals a dynamic signaling landscape in Arabidopsis.
    Dev. Cell, 2014. 29(3): p. 360-72
    [PMID:24823379]
  39. Jin J, et al.
    An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors.
    Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73
    [PMID:25750178]
  40. Pandey A, et al.
    AtMYB12 expression in tomato leads to large scale differential modulation in transcriptome and flavonoid content in leaf and fruit tissues.
    Sci Rep, 2015. 5: p. 12412
    [PMID:26206248]
  41. Lotkowska ME, et al.
    The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor MYB112 Promotes Anthocyanin Formation during Salinity and under High Light Stress.
    Plant Physiol., 2015. 169(3): p. 1862-80
    [PMID:26378103]
  42. Bulgakov VP,Veremeichik GN,Grigorchuk VP,Rybin VG,Shkryl YN
    The rolB gene activates secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis calli via selective activation of genes encoding MYB and bHLH transcription factors.
    Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2016. 102: p. 70-9
    [PMID:26913794]
  43. Li Y, et al.
    Development of Marker-Free Transgenic Potato Tubers Enriched in Caffeoylquinic Acids and Flavonols.
    J. Agric. Food Chem., 2016. 64(14): p. 2932-40
    [PMID:27019017]
  44. Wang F, et al.
    AtMYB12 regulates flavonoids accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Mol. Genet. Genomics, 2016. 291(4): p. 1545-59
    [PMID:27033553]
  45. Zhou Z,Schenke D,Miao Y,Cai D
    Investigation of the crosstalk between the flg22 and the UV-B-induced flavonol pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
    Plant Cell Environ., 2017. 40(3): p. 453-458
    [PMID:28032363]
  46. Wang N, et al.
    MYB12 and MYB22 play essential roles in proanthocyanidin and flavonol synthesis in red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana).
    Plant J., 2017. 90(2): p. 276-292
    [PMID:28107780]
  47. Stracke R,Turgut-Kara N,Weisshaar B
    The AtMYB12 activation domain maps to a short C-terminal region of the transcription factor.
    Z. Naturforsch., C, J. Biosci., 2017. 72(7-8): p. 251-257
    [PMID:28284041]
  48. Mondal SK,Roy S
    Genome-wide sequential, evolutionary, organizational and expression analyses of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis associated MYB domain transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
    J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 2018. 36(6): p. 1577-1601
    [PMID:28490275]
  49. Hidalgo D, et al.
    Tailoring tobacco hairy root metabolism for the production of stilbenes.
    Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 17976
    [PMID:29269790]
  50. Kranz HD, et al.
    Towards functional characterisation of the members of the R2R3-MYB gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Plant J., 1998. 16(2): p. 263-76
    [PMID:9839469]