PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT2G38470.1

Common Name

ATWRKY33, T19C21.4, WRKY33

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

WRKY

Protein Properties

Length: 519aa MW: 57178.8 Da PI: 7.8903

Description

WRKY DNA-binding protein 33

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT2G38470.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	WRKY	104.6	5.5e-33	184	241	2	60
--SS-EEEEEEE--TT-SS-EEEEEE-STT---EEEEEE-SSSTTEEEEEEES--SS-- CS WRKY 2 dDgynWrKYGqKevkgsefprsYYrCtsagCpvkkkversaedpkvveitYegeHnhek 60 +DgynWrKYGqK+vkgse+prsYY+Ct+++Cp+kkkvers +++++ei+Y+g+Hnh+k AT2G38470.1 184 EDGYNWRKYGQKQVKGSENPRSYYKCTFPNCPTKKKVERSL-EGQITEIVYKGSHNHPK 241 7**************************************.*************85 PP
2	WRKY	105	4e-33	361	419	1	59
---SS-EEEEEEE--TT-SS-EEEEEE-STT---EEEEEE-SSSTTEEEEEEES--SS- CS WRKY 1 ldDgynWrKYGqKevkgsefprsYYrCtsagCpvkkkversaedpkvveitYegeHnhe 59 ldDgy+WrKYGqK+vkg+++prsYY+Ct+ gCpv+k+ver+++d ++v++tYeg+Hnh+ AT2G38470.1 361 LDDGYRWRKYGQKVVKGNPNPRSYYKCTTIGCPVRKHVERASHDMRAVITTYEGKHNHD 419 59********************************************************7 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Gene3D	G3DSA:2.20.25.80	5.9E-28	175	242	IPR003657	WRKY domain
SMART	SM00774	2.3E-34	183	241	IPR003657	WRKY domain
SuperFamily	SSF118290	1.44E-24	183	242	IPR003657	WRKY domain
Pfam	PF03106	3.9E-25	184	240	IPR003657	WRKY domain
PROSITE profile	PS50811	22.905	184	242	IPR003657	WRKY domain
Gene3D	G3DSA:2.20.25.80	6.5E-37	346	421	IPR003657	WRKY domain
SuperFamily	SSF118290	3.27E-29	353	421	IPR003657	WRKY domain
PROSITE profile	PS50811	38.434	356	421	IPR003657	WRKY domain
SMART	SM00774	1.8E-38	361	420	IPR003657	WRKY domain
Pfam	PF03106	2.0E-25	362	419	IPR003657	WRKY domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0009409	Biological Process	response to cold
GO:0009414	Biological Process	response to water deprivation
GO:0009651	Biological Process	response to salt stress
GO:0009753	Biological Process	response to jasmonic acid
GO:0009788	Biological Process	negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
GO:0009938	Biological Process	negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0010120	Biological Process	camalexin biosynthetic process
GO:0010200	Biological Process	response to chitin
GO:0010508	Biological Process	positive regulation of autophagy
GO:0042742	Biological Process	defense response to bacterium
GO:0045893	Biological Process	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0050832	Biological Process	defense response to fungus
GO:0070370	Biological Process	cellular heat acclimation
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding
GO:0043565	Molecular Function	sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0044212	Molecular Function	transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000230	anatomy	inflorescence meristem
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0008019	anatomy	leaf lamina base
PO:0009001	anatomy	fruit
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0020030	anatomy	cotyledon
PO:0020038	anatomy	petiole
PO:0020100	anatomy	hypocotyl
PO:0020137	anatomy	leaf apex
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007064	developmental stage	LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage
PO:0007095	developmental stage	LP.08 eight leaves visible stage
PO:0007098	developmental stage	LP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007103	developmental stage	LP.10 ten leaves visible stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 519 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MAASFLTMDN SRTRQNMNGS ANWSQQSGRT STSSLEDLEI PKFRSFAPSS ISISPSLVSP 60 STCFSPSLFL DSPAFVSSSA NVLASPTTGA LITNVTNQKG INEGDKSNNN NFNLFDFSFH 120 TQSSGVSAPT TTTTTTTTTT TTNSSIFQSQ EQQKKNQSEQ WSQTETRPNN QAVSYNGREQ 180 RKGEDGYNWR KYGQKQVKGS ENPRSYYKCT FPNCPTKKKV ERSLEGQITE IVYKGSHNHP 240 KPQSTRRSSS SSSTFHSAVY NASLDHNRQA SSDQPNSNNS FHQSDSFGMQ QEDNTTSDSV 300 GDDEFEQGSS IVSRDEEDCG SEPEAKRWKG DNETNGGNGG GSKTVREPRI VVQTTSDIDI 360 LDDGYRWRKY GQKVVKGNPN PRSYYKCTTI GCPVRKHVER ASHDMRAVIT TYEGKHNHDV 420 PAARGSGYAT NRAPQDSSSV PIRPAAIAGH SNYTTSSQAP YTLQMLHNNN TNTGPFGYAM 480 NNNNNNSNLQ TQQNFVGGGF SRAKEEPNEE TSFFDSFMP

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 519 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MAASFLTMDN SRTRQNMNGS ANWSQQSGRT STSSLEDLEI PKFRSFAPSS ISISPSLVSP  60
STCFSPSLFL DSPAFVSSSA NVLASPTTGA LITNVTNQKG INEGDKSNNN NFNLFDFSFH  120
TQSSGVSAPT TTTTTTTTTT TTNSSIFQSQ EQQKKNQSEQ WSQTETRPNN QAVSYNGREQ  180
RKGEDGYNWR KYGQKQVKGS ENPRSYYKCT FPNCPTKKKV ERSLEGQITE IVYKGSHNHP  240
KPQSTRRSSS SSSTFHSAVY NASLDHNRQA SSDQPNSNNS FHQSDSFGMQ QEDNTTSDSV  300
GDDEFEQGSS IVSRDEEDCG SEPEAKRWKG DNETNGGNGG GSKTVREPRI VVQTTSDIDI  360
LDDGYRWRKY GQKVVKGNPN PRSYYKCTTI GCPVRKHVER ASHDMRAVIT TYEGKHNHDV  420
PAARGSGYAT NRAPQDSSSV PIRPAAIAGH SNYTTSSQAP YTLQMLHNNN TNTGPFGYAM  480
NNNNNNSNLQ TQQNFVGGGF SRAKEEPNEE TSFFDSFMP

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
1wj2_A	1e-37	184	422	8	78	Probable WRKY transcription factor 4
2lex_A	1e-37	184	422	8	78	Probable WRKY transcription factor 4
Search in ModeBase

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.13123	0.0	leaf\| root\| seed

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
Genevisible	267028_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT2G38470	-
AtGenExpress	AT2G38470	-
ATTED-II	AT2G38470	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in roots, leaves and flowers, and at lower levels in stems, siliques and seeds. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18839316}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Member of the plant WRKY transcription factor family. Regulates the antagonistic relationship between defense pathways mediating responses to P. syringae and necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Located in nucleus. Involved in response to various abiotic stresses - especially salt stress.
UniProt	Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-TTGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element. Involved in defense responses. Required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea (PubMed:17059405, PubMed:21990940). Regulates the antagonistic relationship between defense pathways mediating responses to the bacterial pathogen P. syringae and the necrotrophic pathogen B.cinerea (PubMed:17059405). Required for the phytoalexin camalexin synthesis following infection with B.cinerea. Acts as positive regulator of the camalexin biosynthetic genes PAD3 (CYP71B15) and CYP71A13 by binding to their promoters (PubMed:21498677, PubMed:22392279). Acts downstream of MPK3 and MPK6 in reprogramming the expression of camalexin biosynthetic genes, which drives the metabolic flow to camalexin production (PubMed:21498677). Functions with WRKY25 as positive regulator of salt stress response and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling (PubMed:18839316). Functions with WRKY25 and WRKY26 as positive regulator of plant thermotolerance by partially participating in ethylene-response signal transduction pathway (PubMed:21336597). The DNA-binding activity of WRKY33 is increased by SIB1 and SIB2 (PubMed:21990940). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18839316, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21336597, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21498677, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21990940, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22392279}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
Mmutations of WRKY33 gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor cause enhanced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola concomitant with reduced expression of the jasmonate-regulated plant defensin PDF1.2 gene. [PMID: 17059405] Study shows that a set of three WRKY-specific cis-acting DNA elements (W boxes) within the AtWRKY33 promoter is required for efficient pathogen- or PAMP-triggered gene activation. [PMID: 17427812] overexpression of WRKY25 or WRKY33 was sufficient to increase Arabidopsis NaCl tolerance, while increasing sensitivity to abscisic acid [PMID: 18839316] AtWRKY25 and AtWRKY26 were gradually induced during heat and cold treatments, whereas AtWRKY33 was suppressed by heat treatment and induced rapidly during cold stress. [PMID: 20709683] MKS1 function and subcellular location requires an intact N-terminus important for both MPK4 and WRKY33 interactions [PMID: 21203436] WRKY33 is required for MPK3/MPK6-induced camalexin biosynthesis. [PMID: 21498677] Dual-targeted SIB1 and SIB2 function as activators of WRKY33 in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens. [PMID: 21990940] WRKY33 is a negative regulator of the salicylic acid pathway upon Botrytis cinerea infection. [PMID: 22392279] The WRKY33 proteins interact with VQ motif of SIB1 (SIGMA FACTOR-INTERACTING PROTEIN1) proteins through their C-terminal WRKY domains. [PMID: 22535423] direct binding of WRKY33 to the W-boxes in the promoters of ACS2 and ACS6 genes in vivo, suggesting that WRKY33 is directly involved in the activation of ACS2 and ACS6 expression downstream of MPK3/MPK6 cascade in response to pathogen invasion [PMID: 22761583] AtWRKY33 has an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) absent in its close homologue AtWRKY25. Both its CTD and the strong pathogen/stress-responsive expression of AtWRKY33 are necessary to complement the critical phenotypes of atwrky33. [PMID: 25969555] Loss-of-WRKY33 function resulted in elevated abscisic acid levels and genetic studies confirmed that WRKY33 acts upstream of NCED3/NCED5 to negatively regulate abscisic acid biosynthesis. [PMID: 26076231] Data show that glutathione (GSH) induces ethylene (ET)biosynthesis by modulating Arabidopsis proteins 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) via WRKY33 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). [PMID: 26463088] Arabidopsis HOOKLESS1 Regulates Responses to Pathogens and Abscisic Acid through Interaction with MED18 and Acetylation of WRKY33 and ABI5 Chromatin [PMID: 27317674] Binding of WRKY18, WRKY40, and WRKY33 to promoters of genes Implicated in microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)-triggered Immunity. [PMID: 28011690]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00299	DAP	27203113	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT2G38470.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: By salt stress (PubMed:18839316). Induced by infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea (PubMed:17059405, PubMed:21498677, PubMed:21990940). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:17059405). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17059405, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18839316, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21498677, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21990940}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G06160(R), AT2G14610(R), AT3G12500(A), AT3G15210(R), AT3G23240(A), AT3G26830(A), AT3G52430(R), AT5G07100(A), AT5G60890(R)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	abscisic acid

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
IntAct	Search Q8S8P5

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: No visible phenotype under normal growth conditions, but mutant plants are extremely susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17059405, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21990940}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT2G38470

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AK226301	0.0	AK226301.1 Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA for putative WRKY-type DNA binding protein, complete cds, clone: RAFL05-11-J06.
GenBank	BT033030	0.0	BT033030.1 Arabidopsis thaliana unknown protein (At2g38470) mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_181381.2	0.0	WRKY DNA-binding protein 33
Swissprot	Q8S8P5	0.0	WRK33_ARATH; Probable WRKY transcription factor 33
TrEMBL	A0A384L4W4	0.0	A0A384L4W4_ARATH; WRKY33
TrEMBL	B3DNP2	0.0	B3DNP2_ARATH; At2g38470
STRING	AT2G38470.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM4583	27	55
Representative plant	OGRP14	17	875

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT2G38470.1
Entrez Gene	818429
iHOP	AT2G38470
wikigenes	AT2G38470

Publications ? help Back to Top
Eulgem T,Rushton PJ,Robatzek S,Somssich IE The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci., 2000. 5(5): p. 199-206 [PMID:10785665] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Klok EJ, et al. Expression profile analysis of the low-oxygen response in Arabidopsis root cultures. Plant Cell, 2002. 14(10): p. 2481-94 [PMID:12368499] Andreasson E, et al. The MAP kinase substrate MKS1 is a regulator of plant defense responses. EMBO J., 2005. 24(14): p. 2579-89 [PMID:15990873] Zheng Z,Qamar SA,Chen Z,Mengiste T Arabidopsis WRKY33 transcription factor is required for resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Plant J., 2006. 48(4): p. 592-605 [PMID:17059405] Lippok B, et al. Expression of AtWRKY33 encoding a pathogen- or PAMP-responsive WRKY transcription factor is regulated by a composite DNA motif containing W box elements. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 2007. 20(4): p. 420-9 [PMID:17427812] Dombrecht B, et al. MYC2 differentially modulates diverse jasmonate-dependent functions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2007. 19(7): p. 2225-45 [PMID:17616737] Libault M,Wan J,Czechowski T,Udvardi M,Stacey G Identification of 118 Arabidopsis transcription factor and 30 ubiquitin-ligase genes responding to chitin, a plant-defense elicitor. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 2007. 20(8): p. 900-11 [PMID:17722694] Suza WP,Staswick PE The role of JAR1 in Jasmonoyl-L: -isoleucine production during Arabidopsis wound response. Planta, 2008. 227(6): p. 1221-32 [PMID:18247047] Galon Y, et al. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) 3 mediates biotic defense responses in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett., 2008. 582(6): p. 943-8 [PMID:18298954] Koornneef A,Pieterse CM Cross talk in defense signaling. Plant Physiol., 2008. 146(3): p. 839-44 [PMID:18316638] Ascencio-Ib Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection. Plant Physiol., 2008. 148(1): p. 436-54 [PMID:18650403] Qiu JL, et al. Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 regulates gene expression through transcription factor release in the nucleus. EMBO J., 2008. 27(16): p. 2214-21 [PMID:18650934] Kim KC,Lai Z,Fan B,Chen Z Arabidopsis WRKY38 and WRKY62 transcription factors interact with histone deacetylase 19 in basal defense. Plant Cell, 2008. 20(9): p. 2357-71 [PMID:18776063] Jiang Y,Deyholos MK Functional characterization of Arabidopsis NaCl-inducible WRKY25 and WRKY33 transcription factors in abiotic stresses. Plant Mol. Biol., 2009. 69(1-2): p. 91-105 [PMID:18839316] Yamaguchi Y,Huffaker A,Bryan AC,Tax FE,Ryan CA PEPR2 is a second receptor for the Pep1 and Pep2 peptides and contributes to defense responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2010. 22(2): p. 508-22 [PMID:20179141] Wan J,Zhang S,Stacey G Activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in Arabidopsis by chitin. Mol. Plant Pathol., 2004. 5(2): p. 125-35 [PMID:20565589] Fu QT,Yu DQ [Expression profiles of AtWRKY25, AtWRKY26 and AtWRKY33 under abiotic stresses.]. Yi Chuan, 2010. 32(8): p. 848-56 [PMID:20709683] Qi Z, et al. Ca2+ signaling by plant Arabidopsis thaliana Pep peptides depends on AtPepR1, a receptor with guanylyl cyclase activity, and cGMP-activated Ca2+ channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010. 107(49): p. 21193-8 [PMID:21088220] Shin R,Jez JM,Basra A,Zhang B,Schachtman DP 14-3-3 proteins fine-tune plant nutrient metabolism. FEBS Lett., 2011. 585(1): p. 143-7 [PMID:21094157] Brand LH,Kirchler T,Hummel S,Chaban C,Wanke D DPI-ELISA: a fast and versatile method to specify the binding of plant transcription factors to DNA in vitro. Plant Methods, 2010. 6: p. 25 [PMID:21108821] Kishi-Kaboshi M,Takahashi A,Hirochika H MAMP-responsive MAPK cascades regulate phytoalexin biosynthesis. Plant Signal Behav, 2010. 5(12): p. 1653-6 [PMID:21150304] Petersen K, et al. Arabidopsis MKS1 is involved in basal immunity and requires an intact N-terminal domain for proper function. PLoS ONE, 2010. 5(12): p. e14364 [PMID:21203436] Li S,Fu Q,Chen L,Huang W,Yu D Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY25, WRKY26, and WRKY33 coordinate induction of plant thermotolerance. Planta, 2011. 233(6): p. 1237-52 [PMID:21336597] Lai Z,Wang F,Zheng Z,Fan B,Chen Z A critical role of autophagy in plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Plant J., 2011. 66(6): p. 953-68 [PMID:21395886] Mao G, et al. Phosphorylation of a WRKY transcription factor by two pathogen-responsive MAPKs drives phytoalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2011. 23(4): p. 1639-53 [PMID:21498677] Fiil BK,Petersen M Constitutive expression of MKS1 confers susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection independent of PAD3 expression. Plant Signal Behav, 2011. 6(10): p. 1425-7 [PMID:21900742] Lai Z, et al. Arabidopsis sigma factor binding proteins are activators of the WRKY33 transcription factor in plant defense. Plant Cell, 2011. 23(10): p. 3824-41 [PMID:21990940] Birkenbihl RP,Diezel C,Somssich IE Arabidopsis WRKY33 is a key transcriptional regulator of hormonal and metabolic responses toward Botrytis cinerea infection. Plant Physiol., 2012. 159(1): p. 266-85 [PMID:22392279] Maekawa S, et al. The Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases ATL31 and ATL6 control the defense response as well as the carbon/nitrogen response. Plant Mol. Biol., 2012. 79(3): p. 217-27 [PMID:22481162] Cheng Y, et al. Structural and functional analysis of VQ motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis as interacting proteins of WRKY transcription factors. Plant Physiol., 2012. 159(2): p. 810-25 [PMID:22535423] Li G, et al. Dual-level regulation of ACC synthase activity by MPK3/MPK6 cascade and its downstream WRKY transcription factor during ethylene induction in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet., 2012. 8(6): p. e1002767 [PMID:22761583] Nongbri PL, et al. Indole-3-acetaldoxime-derived compounds restrict root colonization in the beneficial interaction between Arabidopsis roots and the endophyte Piriformospora indica. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 2012. 25(9): p. 1186-97 [PMID:22852809] Ma Y,Walker RK,Zhao Y,Berkowitz GA Linking ligand perception by PEPR pattern recognition receptors to cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and downstream immune signaling in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(48): p. 19852-7 [PMID:23150556] Logemann E, et al. Functional dissection of the PROPEP2 and PROPEP3 promoters reveals the importance of WRKY factors in mediating microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced expression. New Phytol., 2013. 198(4): p. 1165-77 [PMID:23496690] Dubois M, et al. Ethylene Response Factor6 acts as a central regulator of leaf growth under water-limiting conditions in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2013. 162(1): p. 319-32 [PMID:23553636] Miao Y,Jiang J,Ren Y,Zhao Z The single-stranded DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1 represses WRKY53 expression and delays leaf senescence in a developmental stage-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2013. 163(2): p. 746-56 [PMID:23922267] Brand LH, et al. Screening for protein-DNA interactions by automatable DNA-protein interaction ELISA. PLoS ONE, 2013. 8(10): p. e75177 [PMID:24146751] Ali MA,Wieczorek K,Kreil DP,Bohlmann H The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii modulates the expression of WRKY transcription factors in syncytia to favour its development in Arabidopsis roots. PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(7): p. e102360 [PMID:25033038] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Zhou J, et al. Characterization of the promoter and extended C-terminal domain of Arabidopsis WRKY33 and functional analysis of tomato WRKY33 homologues in plant stress responses. J. Exp. Bot., 2015. 66(15): p. 4567-83 [PMID:25969555] Divi UK,Rahman T,Krishna P Gene expression and functional analyses in brassinosteroid-mediated stress tolerance. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2016. 14(1): p. 419-32 [PMID:25973891] Peskan-Berghöfer T, et al. Sustained exposure to abscisic acid enhances the colonization potential of the mutualist fungus Piriformospora indica on Arabidopsis thaliana roots. New Phytol., 2015. 208(3): p. 873-86 [PMID:26075497] Liu S,Kracher B,Ziegler J,Birkenbihl RP,Somssich IE Negative regulation of ABA signaling by WRKY33 is critical for Arabidopsis immunity towards Botrytis cinerea 2100. Elife, 2015. 4: p. e07295 [PMID:26076231] Wang C, et al. The Arabidopsis Mediator Complex Subunit16 Is a Key Component of Basal Resistance against the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Physiol., 2015. 169(1): p. 856-72 [PMID:26143252] Wang C, et al. Arabidopsis Elongator subunit 2 positively contributes to resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. Plant J., 2015. 83(6): p. 1019-33 [PMID:26216741] Datta R, et al. Glutathione Regulates 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Transcription via WRKY33 and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase by Modulating Messenger RNA Stability to Induce Ethylene Synthesis during Stress. Plant Physiol., 2015. 169(4): p. 2963-81 [PMID:26463088] Daumann M,Fischer M,Niopek-Witz S,Girke C,Möhlmann T Apoplastic Nucleoside Accumulation in Arabidopsis Leads to Reduced Photosynthetic Performance and Increased Susceptibility Against Botrytis cinerea. Front Plant Sci, 2015. 6: p. 1158 [PMID:26779190] Liu S,Bartnikas LM,Volko SM,Ausubel FM,Tang D Mutation of the Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Enzyme Cytochrome P450 83A1 Monooxygenase Increases Camalexin Accumulation and Powdery Mildew Resistance. Front Plant Sci, 2016. 7: p. 227 [PMID:26973671] Jiang Y,Yu D The WRKY57 Transcription Factor Affects the Expression of Jasmonate ZIM-Domain Genes Transcriptionally to Compromise Botrytis cinerea Resistance. Plant Physiol., 2016. 171(4): p. 2771-82 [PMID:27268959] Liao CJ,Lai Z,Lee S,Yun DJ,Mengiste T Arabidopsis HOOKLESS1 Regulates Responses to Pathogens and Abscisic Acid through Interaction with MED18 and Acetylation of WRKY33 and ABI5 Chromatin. Plant Cell, 2016. 28(7): p. 1662-81 [PMID:27317674] Birkenbihl RP,Kracher B,Roccaro M,Somssich IE Induced Genome-Wide Binding of Three Arabidopsis WRKY Transcription Factors during Early MAMP-Triggered Immunity. Plant Cell, 2017. 29(1): p. 20-38 [PMID:28011690] Nguyen CC, et al. 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