PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT2G33860.1

Common Name

ARF3, ETT, T1B8.30

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

ARF

Protein Properties

Length: 608aa MW: 66605.6 Da PI: 6.9737

Description

ARF family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT2G33860.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	B3	76.5	2.9e-24	159	260	1	99
EEEE-..-HHHHTT-EE--HHH.HTT.....---..--SEEEEEETTS-EEEEEE..EEETTEEEE-TTHHHHHHHHT--TT-EEEEEE-SSSEE..E CS B3 1 ffkvltpsdvlksgrlvlpkkfaeeh.....ggkkeesktltledesgrsWevkliyrkksgryvltkGWkeFvkangLkegDfvvFkldgrsefelv 93 f+k+lt sd++++g +++p++ ae++ ++++ s++l +d++g +W++++iyr++++r++lt+GW+ Fv+ ++L +gD v+F + ++++l+ AT2G33860.1 159 FCKTLTASDTSTHGGFSVPRRAAEDCfppldYSQPRPSQELLARDLHGLEWRFRHIYRGQPRRHLLTTGWSAFVNKKKLVSGDAVLFL--RGDDGKLR 254 99**************************955566778**********************************************..3489999 PP EEEE-S CS B3 94 vkvfrk 99 ++v+r+ AT2G33860.1 255 LGVRRA 260 ***997 PP
2	Auxin_resp	111.6	7.7e-37	285	366	1	82
Auxin_resp 1 aahaastksvFevvYnPrastseFvvkvekvekalkvkvsvGmRfkmafetedsserrlsGtvvgvsdldpvrWpnSkWrsL 82 +aha+st+svF++ YnP+as+s+F++++ k++k ++ ++++GmRfk ++e+ed+serr G+++g+sdldp+rWp+SkWr+L AT2G33860.1 285 VAHAISTHSVFSISYNPKASWSNFIIPAPKFLKVVDYPFCIGMRFKARVESEDASERRSPGIISGISDLDPIRWPGSKWRCL 366 79*******************************************************************************9 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
SuperFamily	SSF101936	9.55E-43	149	287	IPR015300	DNA-binding pseudobarrel domain
Gene3D	G3DSA:2.40.330.10	4.1E-39	153	268	IPR015300	DNA-binding pseudobarrel domain
CDD	cd10017	5.87E-22	157	259	No hit	No description
Pfam	PF02362	3.5E-22	159	260	IPR003340	B3 DNA binding domain
PROSITE profile	PS50863	13.324	159	261	IPR003340	B3 DNA binding domain
SMART	SM01019	1.9E-22	159	261	IPR003340	B3 DNA binding domain
Pfam	PF06507	3.3E-30	285	366	IPR010525	Auxin response factor

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0009734	Biological Process	auxin-activated signaling pathway
GO:0009850	Biological Process	auxin metabolic process
GO:0010050	Biological Process	vegetative phase change
GO:0010158	Biological Process	abaxial cell fate specification
GO:0010582	Biological Process	floral meristem determinacy
GO:0015031	Biological Process	protein transport
GO:0016192	Biological Process	vesicle-mediated transport
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding
GO:0005525	Molecular Function	GTP binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000017	anatomy	vascular leaf primordium
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000229	anatomy	flower meristem
PO:0000230	anatomy	inflorescence meristem
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0008019	anatomy	leaf lamina base
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009006	anatomy	shoot system
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0020003	anatomy	plant ovule
PO:0020030	anatomy	cotyledon
PO:0020038	anatomy	petiole
PO:0020100	anatomy	hypocotyl
PO:0020137	anatomy	leaf apex
PO:0020144	anatomy	apical meristem
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007095	developmental stage	LP.08 eight leaves visible stage
PO:0007098	developmental stage	LP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007103	developmental stage	LP.10 ten leaves visible stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007130	developmental stage	sporophyte reproductive stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 608 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MGGLIDLNVM ETEEDETQTQ TPSSASGSVS PTSSSSASVS VVSSNSAGGG VCLELWHACA 60 GPLISLPKRG SLVLYFPQGH LEQAPDFSAA IYGLPPHVFC RILDVKLHAE TTTDEVYAQV 120 SLLPESEDIE RKVREGIIDV DGGEEDYEVL KRSNTPHMFC KTLTASDTST HGGFSVPRRA 180 AEDCFPPLDY SQPRPSQELL ARDLHGLEWR FRHIYRGQPR RHLLTTGWSA FVNKKKLVSG 240 DAVLFLRGDD GKLRLGVRRA SQIEGTAALS AQYNQNMNHN NFSEVAHAIS THSVFSISYN 300 PKASWSNFII PAPKFLKVVD YPFCIGMRFK ARVESEDASE RRSPGIISGI SDLDPIRWPG 360 SKWRCLLVRW DDIVANGHQQ RVSPWEIEPS GSISNSGSFV TTGPKRSRIG FSSGKPDIPV 420 SEGIRATDFE ESLRFQRVLQ GQEIFPGFIN TCSDGGAGAR RGRFKGTEFG DSYGFHKVLQ 480 GQETVPAYSI TDHRQQHGLS QRNIWCGPFQ NFSTRILPPS VSSSPSSVLL TNSNSPNGRL 540 EDHHGGSGRC RLFGFPLTDE TTAVASATAV PCVEGNSMKG ASAVQSNHHH SQGRDIYAMR 600 DMLLDIAL

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 608 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MGGLIDLNVM ETEEDETQTQ TPSSASGSVS PTSSSSASVS VVSSNSAGGG VCLELWHACA  60
GPLISLPKRG SLVLYFPQGH LEQAPDFSAA IYGLPPHVFC RILDVKLHAE TTTDEVYAQV  120
SLLPESEDIE RKVREGIIDV DGGEEDYEVL KRSNTPHMFC KTLTASDTST HGGFSVPRRA  180
AEDCFPPLDY SQPRPSQELL ARDLHGLEWR FRHIYRGQPR RHLLTTGWSA FVNKKKLVSG  240
DAVLFLRGDD GKLRLGVRRA SQIEGTAALS AQYNQNMNHN NFSEVAHAIS THSVFSISYN  300
PKASWSNFII PAPKFLKVVD YPFCIGMRFK ARVESEDASE RRSPGIISGI SDLDPIRWPG  360
SKWRCLLVRW DDIVANGHQQ RVSPWEIEPS GSISNSGSFV TTGPKRSRIG FSSGKPDIPV  420
SEGIRATDFE ESLRFQRVLQ GQEIFPGFIN TCSDGGAGAR RGRFKGTEFG DSYGFHKVLQ  480
GQETVPAYSI TDHRQQHGLS QRNIWCGPFQ NFSTRILPPS VSSSPSSVLL TNSNSPNGRL  540
EDHHGGSGRC RLFGFPLTDE TTAVASATAV PCVEGNSMKG ASAVQSNHHH SQGRDIYAMR  600
DMLLDIAL

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
4ldv_A	1e-108	43	396	7	361	Auxin response factor 1
4ldw_A	1e-108	43	396	7	361	Auxin response factor 1
4ldw_B	1e-108	43	396	7	361	Auxin response factor 1
Search in ModeBase

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.10360	0.0	flower\| root\| silique\| vegetative tissue

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	145360586	0.0
Genevisible	267452_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT2G33860	-
AtGenExpress	AT2G33860	-
ATTED-II	AT2G33860	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Detected during gynoecium development.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in the whole plant. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10476078, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9409666}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	ettin (ett) mutations have pleiotropic effects on Arabidopsis flower development, causing increases in perianth organ number, decreases in stamen number and anther formation, and apical-basal patterning defects in the gynoecium. The ETTIN gene encodes a protein with homology to DNA binding proteins which bind to auxin response elements. ETT transcript is expressed throughout stage 1 floral meristems and subsequently resolves to a complex pattern within petal, stamen and carpel primordia. ETT probably functions to impart regional identity in floral meristems that affects perianth organ number spacing, stamen formation, and regional differentiation in stamens and the gynoecium. During stage 5, ETT expression appears in a ring at the top of the floral meristem before morphological appearance of the gynoecium, consistent with the proposal that ETT is involved in prepatterning apical and basal boundaries in the gynoecium primordium. It is a target of the ta-siRNA tasiR-ARF.
UniProt	Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Involved in the establishment or elaboration of tissue patterning during gynoecial development. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10952886, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12036261}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
Mutations in ETTIN were isolated as second site suppressors and found to ameliorate ectopic KANADI activity throughout the plant as well. Mutant phenotypes of ett are restricted to flowers. [PMID: 16199616] Mutations delay the expression of adult traits, demonstrating that these genes have non-redundant roles in shoot maturation. [PMID: 16818444] ATS and ETT were found to share an overlapping expression pattern during Arabidopsis ovule development and loss of either gene resulted in congenital fusion of the integuments and altered seed morphology. [PMID: 22296848] Auxin Response Factor 3 (ARF3) was identified as a mediator of cross-talk between self-incompatibility signaling and pistil development. [PMID: 23129621] ETT controls developmental processes in the Arabidopsis shoot through its auxin-sensing property. [PMID: 28804059] ETT controls the elongation of the valve tissues of the gynoecium through the positive regulation of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in the cell wall. [PMID: 30237208] Epistatic interaction of CTR1 and ALF3 genes in Arabidopsis roots has been reported. [ALF3] [PMID: 30484609]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00021	PBM	24477691	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT2G33860.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Negatively regulated by AHL21/GIK. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19956801}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G65620 (R), AT2G37630 (R)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT2G45190(A), AT4G36930(R), AT5G20930(R)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	auxin

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT2G33860, AT5G42630
IntAct	Search O23661

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT2G33860

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AF360313	0.0	AF360313.1 Arabidopsis thaliana auxin response transcription factor 3 (ETTIN/ARF3) (At2g33860) mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	AY056365	0.0	AY056365.1 Arabidopsis thaliana auxin response transcription factor 3 (At2g33860) mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_180942.1	0.0	Transcriptional factor B3 family protein / auxin-responsive factor AUX/IAA-like protein
Swissprot	O23661	0.0	ARFC_ARATH; Auxin response factor 3
TrEMBL	A0A178VTM6	0.0	A0A178VTM6_ARATH; Auxin response factor
STRING	AT2G33860.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM4924	28	49
Representative plant	OGRP6685	10	18

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT2G33860.1
Entrez Gene	817956
iHOP	AT2G33860
wikigenes	AT2G33860

Publications ? help Back to Top
Bowman JL,Baum SF,Eshed Y,Putterill J,Alvarez J Molecular genetics of gynoecium development in Arabidopsis. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol., 1999. 45: p. 155-205 [PMID:10332605] Ulmasov T,Hagen G,Guilfoyle TJ Dimerization and DNA binding of auxin response factors. Plant J., 1999. 19(3): p. 309-19 [PMID:10476078] Nemhauser JL,Feldman LJ,Zambryski PC Auxin and ETTIN in Arabidopsis gynoecium morphogenesis. Development, 2000. 127(18): p. 3877-88 [PMID:10952886] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Heisler MG,Atkinson A,Bylstra YH,Walsh R,Smyth DR SPATULA, a gene that controls development of carpel margin tissues in Arabidopsis, encodes a bHLH protein. Development, 2001. 128(7): p. 1089-98 [PMID:11245574] Sato Y, et al. Auxin response factor family in rice. Genes Genet. Syst., 2001. 76(6): p. 373-80 [PMID:11922106] Hagen G,Guilfoyle T Auxin-responsive gene expression: genes, promoters and regulatory factors. Plant Mol. Biol., 2002 Jun-Jul. 49(3-4): p. 373-85 [PMID:12036261] Yamada K, et al. Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science, 2003. 302(5646): p. 842-6 [PMID:14593172] Nishimura T,Wada T,Okada K A key factor of translation reinitiation, ribosomal protein L24, is involved in gynoecium development in Arabidopsis. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2004. 32(Pt 4): p. 611-3 [PMID:15270688] Pfluger J,Zambryski P The role of SEUSS in auxin response and floral organ patterning. Development, 2004. 131(19): p. 4697-707 [PMID:15358669] Okushima Y, et al. Functional genomic analysis of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana: unique and overlapping functions of ARF7 and ARF19. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(2): p. 444-63 [PMID:15659631] Williams L,Carles CC,Osmont KS,Fletcher JC A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2005. 102(27): p. 9703-8 [PMID:15980147] Nakayama N, et al. Gene trap lines define domains of gene regulation in Arabidopsis petals and stamens. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(9): p. 2486-506 [PMID:16055634] Pekker I,Alvarez JP,Eshed Y Auxin response factors mediate Arabidopsis organ asymmetry via modulation of KANADI activity. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(11): p. 2899-910 [PMID:16199616] Nishimura T,Wada T,Yamamoto KT,Okada K The Arabidopsis STV1 protein, responsible for translation reinitiation, is required for auxin-mediated gynoecium patterning. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(11): p. 2940-53 [PMID:16227452] Adenot X, et al. DRB4-dependent TAS3 trans-acting siRNAs control leaf morphology through AGO7. Curr. Biol., 2006. 16(9): p. 927-32 [PMID:16682354] Garcia D,Collier SA,Byrne ME,Martienssen RA Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway. Curr. Biol., 2006. 16(9): p. 933-8 [PMID:16682355] Fahlgren N, et al. Regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 by TAS3 ta-siRNA affects developmental timing and patterning in Arabidopsis. Curr. Biol., 2006. 16(9): p. 939-44 [PMID:16682356] Sohlberg JJ, et al. STY1 regulates auxin homeostasis and affects apical-basal patterning of the Arabidopsis gynoecium. Plant J., 2006. 47(1): p. 112-23 [PMID:16740145] Hunter C, et al. Trans-acting siRNA-mediated repression of ETTIN and ARF4 regulates heteroblasty in Arabidopsis. Development, 2006. 133(15): p. 2973-81 [PMID:16818444] Nakazawa Y,Hiraguri A,Moriyama H,Fukuhara T The dsRNA-binding protein DRB4 interacts with the Dicer-like protein DCL4 in vivo and functions in the trans-acting siRNA pathway. Plant Mol. Biol., 2007. 63(6): p. 777-85 [PMID:17221360] Iwakawa H, et al. Expression of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 gene in the adaxial domain of Arabidopsis leaves represses cell proliferation in this domain and is critical for the development of properly expanded leaves. Plant J., 2007. 51(2): p. 173-84 [PMID:17559509] Filichkin SA, et al. Efficiency of gene silencing in Arabidopsis: direct inverted repeats vs. transitive RNAi vectors. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2007. 5(5): p. 615-26 [PMID:17573806] Gremski K,Ditta G,Yanofsky MF The HECATE genes regulate female reproductive tract development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development, 2007. 134(20): p. 3593-601 [PMID:17855426] Meng C,Chen J,Ding SW,Peng J,Wong SM Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus coat protein inhibits trans-acting small interfering RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis. J. Gen. Virol., 2008. 89(Pt 9): p. 2349-58 [PMID:18753245] Swaminathan K,Peterson K,Jack T The plant B3 superfamily. Trends Plant Sci., 2008. 13(12): p. 647-55 [PMID:18986826] Usami T,Horiguchi G,Yano S,Tsukaya H The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana identify novel roles for SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes in the control of heteroblasty. Development, 2009. 136(6): p. 955-64 [PMID:19211679] Skinner DJ,Gasser CS Expression-based discovery of candidate ovule development regulators through transcriptional profiling of ovule mutants. BMC Plant Biol., 2009. 9: p. 29 [PMID:19291320] Inagaki S,Nakamura K,Morikami A A link among DNA replication, recombination, and gene expression revealed by genetic and genomic analysis of TEBICHI gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet., 2009. 5(8): p. e1000613 [PMID:19696887] Ikezaki M, et al. Genetic networks regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 in leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana: KNOX genes control five morphological events. Plant J., 2010. 61(1): p. 70-82 [PMID:19891706] Ng KH,Yu H,Ito T AGAMOUS controls GIANT KILLER, a multifunctional chromatin modifier in reproductive organ patterning and differentiation. PLoS Biol., 2009. 7(11): p. e1000251 [PMID:19956801] Yoon EK, et al. Auxin regulation of the microRNA390-dependent transacting small interfering RNA pathway in Arabidopsis lateral root development. Nucleic Acids Res., 2010. 38(4): p. 1382-91 [PMID:19969544] Ng KH,Ito T Shedding light on the role of AT-hook/PPC domain protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav, 2010. 5(2): p. 200-1 [PMID:20173412] Groszmann M,Bylstra Y,Lampugnani ER,Smyth DR Regulation of tissue-specific expression of SPATULA, a bHLH gene involved in carpel development, seedling germination, and lateral organ growth in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 2010. 61(5): p. 1495-508 [PMID:20176890] Marin E, et al. miR390, Arabidopsis TAS3 tasiRNAs, and their AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR targets define an autoregulatory network quantitatively regulating lateral root growth. Plant Cell, 2010. 22(4): p. 1104-17 [PMID:20363771] Finet C, et al. Parallel structural evolution of auxin response factors in the angiosperms. Plant J., 2010. 63(6): p. 952-9 [PMID:20626651] Kojima S, et al. Asymmetric leaves2 and Elongator, a histone acetyltransferase complex, mediate the establishment of polarity in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 2011. 52(8): p. 1259-73 [PMID:21700721] Vernoux T, et al. The auxin signalling network translates dynamic input into robust patterning at the shoot apex. Mol. Syst. Biol., 2011. 7: p. 508 [PMID:21734647] Li W, et al. DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis by modulating WUSCHEL expression and auxin signaling. PLoS Genet., 2011. 7(8): p. e1002243 [PMID:21876682] Kelley DR,Arreola A,Gallagher TL,Gasser CS ETTIN (ARF3) physically interacts with KANADI proteins to form a functional complex essential for integument development and polarity determination in Arabidopsis. Development, 2012. 139(6): p. 1105-9 [PMID:22296848] Moschopoulos A,Derbyshire P,Byrne ME The Arabidopsis organelle-localized glycyl-tRNA synthetase encoded by EMBRYO DEFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT1 is required for organ patterning. J. Exp. Bot., 2012. 63(14): p. 5233-43 [PMID:22791832] Cheng ZJ, et al. Pattern of auxin and cytokinin responses for shoot meristem induction results from the regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis by AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3. Plant Physiol., 2013. 161(1): p. 240-51 [PMID:23124326] Tantikanjana T,Nasrallah JB Non-cell-autonomous regulation of crucifer self-incompatibility by Auxin Response Factor ARF3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(47): p. 19468-73 [PMID:23129621] Rosado A,Li R,van de Ven W,Hsu E,Raikhel NV Arabidopsis ribosomal proteins control developmental programs through translational regulation of auxin response factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(48): p. 19537-44 [PMID:23144218] Ishibashi N, et al. ASYMMETRIC-LEAVES2 and an ortholog of eukaryotic NudC domain proteins repress expression of AUXIN-RESPONSE-FACTOR and class 1 KNOX homeobox genes for development of flat symmetric leaves in Arabidopsis. Biol Open, 2012. 1(3): p. 197-207 [PMID:23213410] Takahashi H, et al. Meta-analyses of microarrays of Arabidopsis asymmetric leaves1 (as1), as2 and their modifying mutants reveal a critical role for the ETT pathway in stabilization of adaxial-abaxial patterning and cell division during leaf development. Plant Cell Physiol., 2013. 54(3): p. 418-31 [PMID:23396601] Efroni I, et al. Regulation of leaf maturation by chromatin-mediated modulation of cytokinin responses. Dev. Cell, 2013. 24(4): p. 438-45 [PMID:23449474] Iwasaki M, et al. Dual regulation of ETTIN (ARF3) gene expression by AS1-AS2, which maintains the DNA methylation level, is involved in stabilization of leaf adaxial-abaxial partitioning in Arabidopsis. Development, 2013. 140(9): p. 1958-69 [PMID:23571218] Xing S, et al. SPL8 and miR156-targeted SPL genes redundantly regulate Arabidopsis gynoecium differential patterning. Plant J., 2013. 75(4): p. 566-77 [PMID:23621152] Ozerova LV,Krasnikova MS,Troitsky AV,Solovyev AG,Morozov SY TAS3 Genes for small ta-siARF RNAs in plants belonging to subtribe Senecioninae: occurrence of prematurely terminated RNA precursors. Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol., 2013. [PMID:24003511] Boer DR, et al. Structural basis for DNA binding specificity by the auxin-dependent ARF transcription factors. Cell, 2014. 156(3): p. 577-89 [PMID:24485461] Liu X, et al. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 integrates the functions of AGAMOUS and APETALA2 in floral meristem determinacy. 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