PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT2G17950.1

Common Name

PGA6, T27K22.18, WUS, WUS1

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

WOX

Protein Properties

Length: 292aa MW: 33189.5 Da PI: 8.0463

Description

WOX family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT2G17950.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	Homeobox	60.4	2.9e-19	37	97	3	57
--SS--HHHHHHHHHHHHH..SSS--HHHHHHHHHHC....TS-HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHC CS Homeobox 3 kRttftkeqleeLeelFek..nrypsaeereeLAkkl....gLterqVkvWFqNrRakekk 57 +R+t+t+eq+++L+el+++ r p+a+++++++++l +++ ++V++WFqN++a+e++ AT2G17950.1 37 TRWTPTTEQIKILKELYYNnaIRSPTADQIQKITARLrqfgKIEGKNVFYWFQNHKARERQ 97 8***************85679**********************************97 PP
2	Wus_type_Homeobox	111.6	4.4e-36	35	99	2	65
Wus_type_Homeobox 2 artRWtPtpeQikiLeelyk.sGlrtPnkeeiqritaeLeeyGkiedkNVfyWFQNrkaRerqkq 65 ++tRWtPt+eQikiL+ely+ +++r+P++++iq+ita+L+++Gkie+kNVfyWFQN+kaRerqk+ AT2G17950.1 35 TSTRWTPTTEQIKILKELYYnNAIRSPTADQIQKITARLRQFGKIEGKNVFYWFQNHKARERQKK 99 789*************97699**************************************96 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.10.60	2.9E-8	13	97	IPR009057	Homeodomain-like
SuperFamily	SSF46689	3.55E-11	21	99	IPR009057	Homeodomain-like
PROSITE profile	PS50071	10.398	32	98	IPR001356	Homeobox domain
SMART	SM00389	1.1E-4	34	102	IPR001356	Homeobox domain
Pfam	PF00046	1.3E-16	37	97	IPR001356	Homeobox domain
CDD	cd00086	9.03E-7	37	99	No hit	No description

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0010492	Biological Process	maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity
GO:0030154	Biological Process	cell differentiation
GO:0080166	Biological Process	stomium development
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000229	anatomy	flower meristem
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009049	anatomy	inflorescence
PO:0009062	anatomy	gynoecium
PO:0020003	anatomy	plant ovule
PO:0020020	anatomy	nucellus
PO:0020101	anatomy	stomium
PO:0020148	anatomy	shoot apical meristem
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 292 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MEPPQHQHHH HQADQESGNN NNNKSGSGGY TCRQTSTRWT PTTEQIKILK ELYYNNAIRS 60 PTADQIQKIT ARLRQFGKIE GKNVFYWFQN HKARERQKKR FNGTNMTTPS SSPNSVMMAA 120 NDHYHPLLHH HHGVPMQRPA NSVNVKLNQD HHLYHHNKPY PSFNNGNLNH ASSGTECGVV 180 NASNGYMSSH VYGSMEQDCS MNYNNVGGGW ANMDHHYSSA PYNFFDRAKP LFGLEGHQEE 240 EECGGDAYLE HRRTLPLFPM HGEDHINGGS GAIWKYGQSE VRPCASLELR LN

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	186501180	0.0
Genevisible	265821_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT2G17950	-
AtGenExpress	AT2G17950	-
ATTED-II	AT2G17950	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed from 16 cell embryo stage, long before shoot meristem is evident, and gradually become restricted to the center of shoot meristem primordium. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9865698}.
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In the active shoot meristem, it is specifically expressed in a small cell group underneath the presume position of stem cells. Also expressed in the floral meristem. Expressed in the nucellus of ovule primordia. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12000795, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9865698}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Homeobox gene controlling the stem cell pool. Expressed in the stem cell organizing center of meristems. Required to keep the stem cells in an undifferentiated state. Regulation of WUS transcription is a central checkpoint in stem cell control. The size of the WUS expression domain controls the size of the stem cell population through WUS indirectly activating the expression of CLAVATA3 (CLV3) in the stem cells and CLV3 repressing WUS transcription through the CLV1 receptor kinase signaling pathway. Repression of WUS transcription through AGAMOUS (AG) activity controls stem cell activity in the determinate floral meristem. Binds to TAAT element core motif. WUS is also involved in cell differentiation during anther development.
UniProt	Transcription factor that plays a central role during early embryogenesis, oogenesis and flowering, probably by regulating expression of specific genes. Required to specify stem cell identity in meristems, such as shoot apical meristem (SAM). May induce shoot stem cells activity in order to maintain the stem cell identity. Involved in the developmental root meristem. In shoot apices, it is sufficient to induce the expression of CLV3, a putative ligand of the CLV signaling pathway. Also required to sustain organogenesis in the floral meristem by contributing to the expression of its own repressor, the AGAMOUS (AG) gene at the end of flower development. Binds directly to the 5'-TTAAT[GC][GC]-3' DNA sequence in the regulatory sequence of AG and activates its expression directly. Regulates one important step in ovule development to induce integument formation from the underlying chalazal domain. Participates in the promotion of vegetative to embryonic transition. Required to repress LEC1 expression. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10761929, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11440721, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11440722, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12000682, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12000795, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12068101, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12070094, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12070095, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15004006, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9865698}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
Ultrapetal1 negatively regulates WUSCHEL to establish floral meristem determinacy. [PMID: 15342527] results suggest that overexpression of WUS could trigger cell pluripotence and reestablish new meristems from differentiated tissues [PMID: 15952065] The homeobox gene WUSCHEL (WUS) is expressed in the organizing center underneath the stem cells and integrates regulatory information from several pathways to define the boundaries of the stem cell niche. [PMID: 15980263] data indicate that ARR genes might negatively influence meristem size and that their repression by WUS might be necessary for proper meristem function [PMID: 16372013] Detailed characterization of a semidominant roa allele revealed an essential role for the conserved C-terminal domain that mediates an interaction between WUS and two members of a small family of corepressor-like proteins in Arabidopsis. [PMID: 16461579] facilitates high cytokinin activity in the shoot apical meristem [PMID: 16877025] WUS expression is initiated very early during anther development in the precursor cells of the stomium and terminates just before the stomium cells enter terminal differentiation [PMID: 17027956] Importantly, both WOX5 and WUS maintain stem cells in either a root or shoot context. [PMID: 17429400] Data suggest that, by limiting WUS expression to the organizing center, BARD1 regulates shoot apical meristem organization and maintenance. [PMID: 18591352] WUS-dependent organising centre signalling to the stem cells is promoted by AGO1 and subsequently maintained by a provascular ZLL-dependent signalling pathway. [PMID: 18653559] Establishment of auxin gradients and PIN1-mediated polar auxin transport are essential for WUS induction and somatic embryogenesis. [PMID: 19453451] Data show that cytokinin-induced WUSCHEL expression occurs through both CLAVATA-dependent and CLAVATA-independent pathways. [PMID: 19717465] Our results demonstrate that WUS acts mainly as a repressor and that its function changes from that of a repressor to that of an activator in the case of regulation of the expression of AG. [PMID: 19897670] WUS produces severe phenotypes by disrupting the development of somatic embryos on the maturation medium and inhibiting germination. [PMID: 20424847] CLAVATA1 is part of a negative feedback regulation of WUSCHEL protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. [PMID: 20493817] WUS expression is controlled by the ratio of cytokinin with auxin. [PMID: 20514542] New function for WUS in mediating the balance between differentiation and non-differentiating cells of the peripheral zone. [PMID: 20876644] WUSCHEL-mediated cellular feedback network imparts robustness to stem cell homeostasis. [PMID: 21406977] DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate de novo shoot regeneration by modulating WUS expression and auxin signaling. [PMID: 21876682] the WUS protein, after being synthesized in cells of the organizing center, migrates into the central zone, where it activates CLV3 transcription by binding to its promoter elements [PMID: 21979915] AG directly represses WUS expression by binding to the WUS locus and recruiting, directly or indirectly, PcG that methylates histone H3 Lys-27 at WUS. [PMID: 22028461] Studies indicate that the shoot and root meristems are promoted by WUSCHEL (WUS) and WOX5. [PMID: 22076631] Cytokinin treatment induces the expression of the shoot meristematic gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in converting LRP (cLRP) within 24-30 h, and WUS is required for lateral root primorida(LRP)--> New shoot meristems (SMs) conversion. [PMID: 23181633] Results suggest that ASL11/LBD15 affects cellular differentiation in the SAM and regulates WUS expression. [PMID: 23397191] GRP23 expression can be activated by WUS. [PMID: 24086632] Strong upregulation of WUS in the inflorescence meristem leads to ectopic expression of the AGAMOUS homeotic gene to a level that switches cell fate from floral meristem founder cell to carpel founder cell. [PMID: 24496620] AtWus may therefore increase the differentiation potential of cotton callus by triggering the auxin transport and signaling pathways. [PMID: 24498119] HECATE1 (HEC1) is a target of WUS and that it contributes to SAM function by promoting stem cell proliferation, while antagonizing niche cell activity. HEC1 represses the stem cell regulators WUS and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) [PMID: 24576426] In the floral meristem, the binding of AG to WUS is reduced in top1a-2, which results in reduced H3K27me3 levels at WUS and prolonged WUS expression, and consequently loss of floral determinacy. [PMID: 25070639] Data indicate that the stem cell inducing transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) moves to the stem cells via plasmodesmata in a highly regulated fashion and that this movement is required for WUS function. [PMID: 25246576] The stem cell niche in Arabidopsis copes with environmental hazards by enhancing the IRES-dependent translation of WUS mRNA under the control of the AtLa1 protein. [PMID: 25764476] stem cell specification pathway is normally repressed by the activity of the HD-zip III transcription factors PHABULOSA (PHB), PHAVOLUTA (PHV) and CORONA (CNA). [PMID: 26011610] The branching ovules of the mutant resemble those of some fossil gymnosperms, implicating BEL1 and HD-ZIPIII genes as players in the evolution of the unbranched ovule form in extant angiosperms. [PMID: 26700684] The interplay between cytokinin signaling, WUS/CLV feedback loop and boundary signals can account for positioning of the WUS expression in the process of Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem patterning. [PMID: 26872130] there is a positive feedback regulation between WUS and OBE3 that contributes to shoot meristem homeostasis [PMID: 27196372] WUS is regulated by a balance between positive regulation by cytokinin and negative regulation by CLAVATA protein. [PMID: 27208247] results provide important insights into the molecular framework for cytokinin-directed shoot regeneration and reveal a two-step mechanism for de novo activation of WUS. [PMID: 28389585] Dynamic expression reveals a two-step patterning of WUS and CLV3 during axillary shoot meristem formation in Arabidopsis [PMID: 28399422] ARR12 binds to the promoter of WUS. [PMID: 28681564] Cytokinin signaling in the rib meristem acts through the transcriptional regulatory domains, the acidic domain and the WUSCHEL-box, to stabilize the WUS protein. [PMID: 29659567] Study find that WUSCHEL, a key gene required for apical meristem maintenance, is a cytokinin-dependent type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS target gene, demonstrating the importance of the cytokinin transcription factor network in shoot development. [PMID: 29686312]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00265	DAP	27203113	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT2G17950.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: Repressed by the CLV (CLV1, CLV2 and CLV3) proteins, possibly to rapidly down-regulate WUS expression in apical daughter cells after cell divisions, suggesting the existence of a feedback loop. Repressed by AG at the end of floral development. Down-regulated by ULT1, probably to establish floral meristem determinacy. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10761929, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11440721, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11440722, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15342527}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G09770 (A), AT1G12980 (A), AT1G24260 (R), AT1G30490 (R), AT1G52150 (R), AT1G68640 (R), AT2G33880 (A), AT2G34710 (R), AT3G23130 (R), AT4G18960 (R), AT4G27330 (A), AT5G14010 (R), AT5G41410 (R), AT5G45980 (A)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G19050(R), AT1G21970(R), AT1G62360(A), AT1G74890(R), AT2G27250(A), AT3G48100(R), AT4G18960(A), AT4G37750(A), AT5G62920(R)

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT2G17950, AT2G45160, AT3G60630, AT4G00150, AT4G36710
IntAct	Search Q9SB92

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT2G17950

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AY086385	0.0	AY086385.1 Arabidopsis thaliana clone 248156 mRNA, complete sequence.
GenBank	BT028901	0.0	BT028901.1 Arabidopsis thaliana unknown protein (At2g17950) mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_565429.1	0.0	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein
Swissprot	Q9SB92	0.0	WUS_ARATH; Protein WUSCHEL
TrEMBL	A0MEM4	0.0	A0MEM4_ARATH; Uncharacterized protein (Fragment)
TrEMBL	Q1PF51	0.0	Q1PF51_ARATH; At2g17950
STRING	AT2G17950.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM5244	28	47
Representative plant	OGRP9087	11	14

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT2G17950.1
Entrez Gene	816305
iHOP	AT2G17950
wikigenes	AT2G17950

Publications ? help Back to Top
Yu LP,Simon EJ,Trotochaud AE,Clark SE POLTERGEIST functions to regulate meristem development downstream of the CLAVATA loci. Development, 2000. 127(8): p. 1661-70 [PMID:10725242] Schoof H, et al. The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems in maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes. Cell, 2000. 100(6): p. 635-44 [PMID:10761929] Brand U,Fletcher JC,Hobe M,Meyerowitz EM,Simon R Dependence of stem cell fate in Arabidopsis on a feedback loop regulated by CLV3 activity. Science, 2000. 289(5479): p. 617-9 [PMID:10915624] Hamada S, et al. Mutations in the WUSCHEL gene of Arabidopsis thaliana result in the development of shoots without juvenile leaves. Plant J., 2000. 24(1): p. 91-101 [PMID:11029707] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Kaya H, et al. FASCIATA genes for chromatin assembly factor-1 in arabidopsis maintain the cellular organization of apical meristems. Cell, 2001. 104(1): p. 131-42 [PMID:11163246] Clark SE Cell signalling at the shoot meristem. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2001. 2(4): p. 276-84 [PMID:11283725] Lohmann JU, et al. A molecular link between stem cell regulation and floral patterning in Arabidopsis. Cell, 2001. 105(6): p. 793-803 [PMID:11440721] Lenhard M,Bohnert A,J Termination of stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis floral meristems by interactions between WUSCHEL and AGAMOUS. Cell, 2001. 105(6): p. 805-14 [PMID:11440722] Doerner P Plant meristems: a m Curr. Biol., 2001. 11(19): p. R785-7 [PMID:11591338] Roeder AH,Yanofsky MF Unraveling the mystery of double flowers. Dev. Cell, 2001. 1(1): p. 4-6 [PMID:11703916] Ishiguro S, et al. SHEPHERD is the Arabidopsis GRP94 responsible for the formation of functional CLAVATA proteins. EMBO J., 2002. 21(5): p. 898-908 [PMID:11867518] Mordhorst AP,Hartog MV,El Tamer MK,Laux T,de Vries SC Somatic embryogenesis from Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem mutants. Planta, 2002. 214(6): p. 829-36 [PMID:11941458] Zuo J,Niu QW,Frugis G,Chua NH The WUSCHEL gene promotes vegetative-to-embryonic transition in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2002. 30(3): p. 349-59 [PMID:12000682] Gross-Hardt R,Lenhard M,Laux T WUSCHEL signaling functions in interregional communication during Arabidopsis ovule development. Genes Dev., 2002. 16(9): p. 1129-38 [PMID:12000795] Bishop GJ,Koncz C Brassinosteroids and plant steroid hormone signaling. Plant Cell, 2002. 14 Suppl: p. S97-110 [PMID:12045272] Nakajima K,Benfey PN Signaling in and out: control of cell division and differentiation in the shoot and root. Plant Cell, 2002. 14 Suppl: p. S265-76 [PMID:12045282] Brand U,Grünewald M,Hobe M,Simon R Regulation of CLV3 expression by two homeobox genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2002. 129(2): p. 565-75 [PMID:12068101] Lenhard M,Jürgens G,Laux T The WUSCHEL and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS genes fulfil complementary roles in Arabidopsis shoot meristem regulation. Development, 2002. 129(13): p. 3195-206 [PMID:12070094] Gallois JL,Woodward C,Reddy GV,Sablowski R Combined SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and WUSCHEL trigger ectopic organogenesis in Arabidopsis. Development, 2002. 129(13): p. 3207-17 [PMID:12070095] Cary AJ,Che P,Howell SH Developmental events and shoot apical meristem gene expression patterns during shoot development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J., 2002. 32(6): p. 867-77 [PMID:12492830] Cheng Y,Kato N,Wang W,Li J,Chen X Two RNA binding proteins, HEN4 and HUA1, act in the processing of AGAMOUS pre-mRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dev. Cell, 2003. 4(1): p. 53-66 [PMID:12530963] Yu LP,Miller AK,Clark SE POLTERGEIST encodes a protein phosphatase 2C that regulates CLAVATA pathways controlling stem cell identity at Arabidopsis shoot and flower meristems. Curr. Biol., 2003. 13(3): p. 179-88 [PMID:12573213] Kirch T,Simon R,Grünewald M,Werr W The DORNROSCHEN/ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 gene of Arabidopsis acts in the control of meristem ccll fate and lateral organ development. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(3): p. 694-705 [PMID:12615942] Doerner P Plant meristems: a merry-go-round of signals. Curr. Biol., 2003. 13(9): p. R368-74 [PMID:12725756] Bertrand C,Bergounioux C,Domenichini S,Delarue M,Zhou DX Arabidopsis histone acetyltransferase AtGCN5 regulates the floral meristem activity through the WUSCHEL/AGAMOUS pathway. J. Biol. Chem., 2003. 278(30): p. 28246-51 [PMID:12740375] Lenhard M,Laux T Stem cell homeostasis in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem is regulated by intercellular movement of CLAVATA3 and its sequestration by CLAVATA1. Development, 2003. 130(14): p. 3163-73 [PMID:12783788] Kamiya N,Nagasaki H,Morikami A,Sato Y,Matsuoka M Isolation and characterization of a rice WUSCHEL-type homeobox gene that is specifically expressed in the central cells of a quiescent center in the root apical meristem. Plant J., 2003. 35(4): p. 429-41 [PMID:12904206] Moussian B,Haecker A,Laux T ZWILLE buffers meristem stability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dev. Genes Evol., 2003. 213(11): p. 534-40 [PMID:14564520] J Growing up green: cellular basis of plant development. Mech. Dev., 2003. 120(11): p. 1395-406 [PMID:14623445] Gallois JL,Nora FR,Mizukami Y,Sablowski R WUSCHEL induces shoot stem cell activity and developmental plasticity in the root meristem. Genes Dev., 2004. 18(4): p. 375-80 [PMID:15004006] Laux T,W Genetic regulation of embryonic pattern formation. Plant Cell, 2004. 16 Suppl: p. S190-202 [PMID:15100395] Suzuki T, et al. A novel Arabidopsis gene TONSOKU is required for proper cell arrangement in root and shoot apical meristems. Plant J., 2004. 38(4): p. 673-84 [PMID:15125773] Cnops G, et al. The rotunda2 mutants identify a role for the LEUNIG gene in vegetative leaf morphogenesis. J. Exp. Bot., 2004. 55(402): p. 1529-39 [PMID:15208345] Sieber P, et al. Pattern formation during early ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dev. Biol., 2004. 273(2): p. 321-34 [PMID:15328016] Carles CC,Lertpiriyapong K,Reville K,Fletcher JC The ULTRAPETALA1 gene functions early in Arabidopsis development to restrict shoot apical meristem activity and acts through WUSCHEL to regulate floral meristem determinacy. Genetics, 2004. 167(4): p. 1893-903 [PMID:15342527] Zhao Y, et al. HANABA TARANU is a GATA transcription factor that regulates shoot apical meristem and flower development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2004. 16(10): p. 2586-600 [PMID:15367721] Carles CC,Choffnes-Inada D,Reville K,Lertpiriyapong K,Fletcher JC ULTRAPETALA1 encodes a SAND domain putative transcriptional regulator that controls shoot and floral meristem activity in Arabidopsis. Development, 2005. 132(5): p. 897-911 [PMID:15673576] Green KA,Prigge MJ,Katzman RB,Clark SE CORONA, a member of the class III homeodomain leucine zipper gene family in Arabidopsis, regulates stem cell specification and organogenesis. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(3): p. 691-704 [PMID:15705957] Wu X,Dabi T,Weigel D Requirement of homeobox gene STIMPY/WOX9 for Arabidopsis meristem growth and maintenance. Curr. Biol., 2005. 15(5): p. 436-40 [PMID:15753038] Kwon CS,Chen C,Wagner D WUSCHEL is a primary target for transcriptional regulation by SPLAYED in dynamic control of stem cell fate in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev., 2005. 19(8): p. 992-1003 [PMID:15833920] Xu YY, et al. Activation of the WUS gene induces ectopic initiation of floral meristems on mature stem surface in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol., 2005. 57(6): p. 773-84 [PMID:15952065] J Modeling the organization of the WUSCHEL expression domain in the shoot apical meristem. Bioinformatics, 2005. 21 Suppl 1: p. i232-40 [PMID:15961462] Bäurle I,Laux T Regulation of WUSCHEL transcription in the stem cell niche of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Plant Cell, 2005. 17(8): p. 2271-80 [PMID:15980263] Williams L,Grigg SP,Xie M,Christensen S,Fletcher JC Regulation of Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem and lateral organ formation by microRNA miR166g and its AtHD-ZIP target genes. Development, 2005. 132(16): p. 3657-68 [PMID:16033795] Kapoor M, et al. Transgene-triggered, epigenetically regulated ectopic expression of a flower homeotic gene pMADS3 in Petunia. Plant J., 2005. 43(5): p. 649-61 [PMID:16115063] Xu YY,Chong K [Progress in research on plant stem cell organizer gene WUSCHEL]. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao, 2005. 31(5): p. 461-8 [PMID:16222087] Leibfried A, et al. WUSCHEL controls meristem function by direct regulation of cytokinin-inducible response regulators. Nature, 2005. 438(7071): p. 1172-5 [PMID:16372013] Würschum T,Gross-Hardt R,Laux T APETALA2 regulates the stem cell niche in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(2): p. 295-307 [PMID:16387832] Tan QK,Irish VF The Arabidopsis zinc finger-homeodomain genes encode proteins with unique biochemical properties that are coordinately expressed during floral development. Plant Physiol., 2006. 140(3): p. 1095-108 [PMID:16428600] Kieffer M, et al. Analysis of the transcription factor WUSCHEL and its functional homologue in Antirrhinum reveals a potential mechanism for their roles in meristem maintenance. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(3): p. 560-73 [PMID:16461579] De Bodt S,Theissen G,Van de Peer Y Promoter analysis of MADS-box genes in eudicots through phylogenetic footprinting. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2006. 23(6): p. 1293-303 [PMID:16581940] M Dynamic and compensatory responses of Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems to CLV3 signaling. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(5): p. 1188-98 [PMID:16603652] Fiers M, et al. The CLAVATA3/ESR motif of CLAVATA3 is functionally independent from the nonconserved flanking sequences. Plant Physiol., 2006. 141(4): p. 1284-92 [PMID:16751438] Shani E,Yanai O,Ori N The role of hormones in shoot apical meristem function. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2006. 9(5): p. 484-9 [PMID:16877025] Nilsson L,Carlsbecker A,Sund APETALA2 like genes from Picea abies show functional similarities to their Arabidopsis homologues. Planta, 2007. 225(3): p. 589-602 [PMID:16953432] Nardmann J,Werr W The shoot stem cell niche in angiosperms: expression patterns of WUS orthologues in rice and maize imply major modifications in the course of mono- and dicot evolution. Mol. Biol. 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