PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT2G01570.1

Common Name

F2I9.19, GRS, RGA, RGA1

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

GRAS

Protein Properties

Length: 587aa MW: 64035.4 Da PI: 5.6667

Description

GRAS family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT2G01570.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	GRAS	442.4	3.1e-135	221	581	1	374
GRAS 1 lvelLlecAeavssgdlelaqalLarlselaspdgdpmqRlaayfteALaarlarsvselykalppsetsekn.sseelaalklfsevsPilkfshlt 97 lv++L++cAea+++++l+la+al++++ la +++ +m+++a+yf+eALa+r++r l+p +++ ++ s++l++ f+e++P+lkf+h+t AT2G01570.1 221 LVHALMACAEAIQQNNLTLAEALVKQIGCLAVSQAGAMRKVATYFAEALARRIYR--------LSPPQNQIDHcLSDTLQM--HFYETCPYLKFAHFT 308 689**************************************************........444443322224444443..4********** PP GRAS 98 aNqaIleavegeervHiiDfdisqGlQWpaLlqaLasRpegppslRiTgvgspesgskeeleetgerLakfAeelgvpfefnvlvakrledleleeLr 195 aNqaIlea+eg++rvH+iDf+++qGlQWpaL+qaLa R++gpp++R+Tg+g+p++++++ l+e+g +La++Ae+++v+fe++ +va++l+dl+ ++L+ AT2G01570.1 309 ANQAILEAFEGKKRVHVIDFSMNQGLQWPALMQALALREGGPPTFRLTGIGPPAPDNSDHLHEVGCKLAQLAEAIHVEFEYRGFVANSLADLDASMLE 406 ********************************************************************************************** PP GRAS 196 vkp..gEalaVnlvlqlhrlldesvsleserdevLklvkslsPkvvvvveqeadhnsesFlerflealeyysalfdsleaklpreseerikvErellg 291 ++p Ea+aVn+v++lh+ll +++ +e+ vL +vk+++P +++vveqe++hn++ Fl+rf+e+l+yys+lfdsle +++++++++++lg AT2G01570.1 407 LRPsdTEAVAVNSVFELHKLLGRPGGIEK----VLGVVKQIKPVIFTVVEQESNHNGPVFLDRFTESLHYYSTLFDSLEGV---PNSQDKVMSEVYLG 497 999****************9999....*****************************************998...68999999** PP GRAS 292 reivnvvacegaerrerhetlekWrerleeaGFkpvplsekaakqaklllrkvk.sdgyrveeesgslvlgWkdrpLvsvSaWr 374 ++i+n+vaceg +r+erhetl++W +r++++G+ p++l+++a kqa++ll+ ++ ++gyrvee++g+l+lgW++rpL+++SaW+ AT2G01570.1 498 KQICNLVACEGPDRVERHETLSQWGNRFGSSGLAPAHLGSNAFKQASMLLSVFNsGQGYRVEESNGCLMLGWHTRPLITTSAWK 581 *********************************************************************************8 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Pfam	PF12041	4.9E-35	44	111	IPR021914	Transcriptional factor DELLA, N-terminal
SMART	SM01129	1.7E-42	44	117	No hit	No description
PROSITE profile	PS50985	65.145	195	560	IPR005202	Transcription factor GRAS
Pfam	PF03514	1.1E-132	221	581	IPR005202	Transcription factor GRAS

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0009723	Biological Process	response to ethylene
GO:0009737	Biological Process	response to abscisic acid
GO:0009863	Biological Process	salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0009867	Biological Process	jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0009938	Biological Process	negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0010187	Biological Process	negative regulation of seed germination
GO:0010218	Biological Process	response to far red light
GO:0042176	Biological Process	regulation of protein catabolic process
GO:0042538	Biological Process	hyperosmotic salinity response
GO:2000033	Biological Process	regulation of seed dormancy process
GO:2000377	Biological Process	regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding
GO:0043565	Molecular Function	sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0044212	Molecular Function	transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000230	anatomy	inflorescence meristem
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0008019	anatomy	leaf lamina base
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009006	anatomy	shoot system
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0020030	anatomy	cotyledon
PO:0020038	anatomy	petiole
PO:0020100	anatomy	hypocotyl
PO:0020137	anatomy	leaf apex
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007064	developmental stage	LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage
PO:0007095	developmental stage	LP.08 eight leaves visible stage
PO:0007098	developmental stage	LP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007103	developmental stage	LP.10 ten leaves visible stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 587 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MKRDHHQFQG RLSNHGTSSS SSSISKDKMM MVKKEEDGGG NMDDELLAVL GYKVRSSEMA 60 EVALKLEQLE TMMSNVQEDG LSHLATDTVH YNPSELYSWL DNMLSELNPP PLPASSNGLD 120 PVLPSPEICG FPASDYDLKV IPGNAIYQFP AIDSSSSSNN QNKRLKSCSS PDSMVTSTST 180 GTQIGGVIGT TVTTTTTTTT AAGESTRSVI LVDSQENGVR LVHALMACAE AIQQNNLTLA 240 EALVKQIGCL AVSQAGAMRK VATYFAEALA RRIYRLSPPQ NQIDHCLSDT LQMHFYETCP 300 YLKFAHFTAN QAILEAFEGK KRVHVIDFSM NQGLQWPALM QALALREGGP PTFRLTGIGP 360 PAPDNSDHLH EVGCKLAQLA EAIHVEFEYR GFVANSLADL DASMLELRPS DTEAVAVNSV 420 FELHKLLGRP GGIEKVLGVV KQIKPVIFTV VEQESNHNGP VFLDRFTESL HYYSTLFDSL 480 EGVPNSQDKV MSEVYLGKQI CNLVACEGPD RVERHETLSQ WGNRFGSSGL APAHLGSNAF 540 KQASMLLSVF NSGQGYRVEE SNGCLMLGWH TRPLITTSAW KLSTAAY

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 587 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MKRDHHQFQG RLSNHGTSSS SSSISKDKMM MVKKEEDGGG NMDDELLAVL GYKVRSSEMA  60
EVALKLEQLE TMMSNVQEDG LSHLATDTVH YNPSELYSWL DNMLSELNPP PLPASSNGLD  120
PVLPSPEICG FPASDYDLKV IPGNAIYQFP AIDSSSSSNN QNKRLKSCSS PDSMVTSTST  180
GTQIGGVIGT TVTTTTTTTT AAGESTRSVI LVDSQENGVR LVHALMACAE AIQQNNLTLA  240
EALVKQIGCL AVSQAGAMRK VATYFAEALA RRIYRLSPPQ NQIDHCLSDT LQMHFYETCP  300
YLKFAHFTAN QAILEAFEGK KRVHVIDFSM NQGLQWPALM QALALREGGP PTFRLTGIGP  360
PAPDNSDHLH EVGCKLAQLA EAIHVEFEYR GFVANSLADL DASMLELRPS DTEAVAVNSV  420
FELHKLLGRP GGIEKVLGVV KQIKPVIFTV VEQESNHNGP VFLDRFTESL HYYSTLFDSL  480
EGVPNSQDKV MSEVYLGKQI CNLVACEGPD RVERHETLSQ WGNRFGSSGL APAHLGSNAF  540
KQASMLLSVF NSGQGYRVEE SNGCLMLGWH TRPLITTSAW KLSTAAY

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
5b3g_A	7e-61	216	580	14	378	Protein SCARECROW
5b3h_A	7e-61	216	580	13	377	Protein SCARECROW
5b3h_D	7e-61	216	580	13	377	Protein SCARECROW
Search in ModeBase

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.24012	0.0	bud\| floral meristem\| flower\| root\| silique

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	30677937	0.0
Genevisible	266331_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT2G01570	-
AtGenExpress	AT2G01570	-
ATTED-II	AT2G01570	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in roots, rosette leaves, bolting and mature stems, young and mature siliques, flower buds and influorescences. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11877383, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20093430, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9237632, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9490740}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Member of the VHIID/DELLA regulatory family. Contains homopolymeric serine and threonine residues, a putative nuclear localization signal, leucine heptad repeats, and an LXXLL motif. Putative transcriptional regulator repressing the gibberellin response and integration of phytohormone signalling. DELLAs repress cell proliferation and expansion that drives plant growth. The protein undergoes degradation in response to GA via the 26S proteasome. RGA1 binds to PIF3 and inhibits its DNA binding activity and thus affects the expression of PIF3 regulated genes. RGA may be involved in reducing ROS accumulation in response to stress by up-regulating the transcription of superoxide dismutases. Represses GA-induced vegetative growth and floral initiation. Rapidly degraded in response to GA. Involved in fruit and flower development.
UniProt	Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenuation of auxin transport delaying its GA-induced degradation. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11606551, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11606552, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12610625, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14615596, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14973286, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15128937, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16034591, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17933900, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20093430, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9490740}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
SLEEPY1 interacts directly with RGA and GA INSENSITIVE (GAI, a closely related DELLA protein) via their C-terminal GRAS domain [PMID: 15155881] SLY1 (the wild-type form) and sly1gar2-1 both confer substrate specificity on this complex via specific binding to the DELLA proteins, GAI and RGA [PMID: 15161962] We show that ga1-3 seeds lacking RGA, RGL1 and RGL2 or GAI, RGL1 and RGL2, confer GA-independent germination in the light but not in the darkness whilst ga1-3 seeds lacking GAI, RGA and RGL2 germinate both in the light and darkness. [PMID: 16034591] DELLA abundance is regulated during growth responses to neighbours in dense Arabidopsis stands. This occurs in a red:far red ratio-dependent manner in petioles, depends on gibberellin, and matches the induction kinetics of petiole elongation. [PMID: 17488236] Data show that cold/CBF1 enhances the accumulation of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged DELLA protein (GFP-RGA) by reducing GA content through stimulating expression of GA-inactivating GA 2-oxidase genes. [PMID: 18757556] We show that repression of germination by far-red light involves stabilized DELLA factors GAI, RGA and RGL2 that stimulate endogenous abscisic acid synthesis which, in turn, blocks germination through the transcription factor ABI3. [PMID: 19556968] Data documented that Lys-29 of ubiquitin is the major site for ubiquitin chain formation to mediate DELLA protein degradation that also required protein Ser/Thr dephosphorylation activity. The LZ domain is essential for both their stability and activity. [PMID: 19717618] SPT acts in an analogous manner to the gibberellin-dependent DELLAs, REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 and GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE, which restrain cotyledon expansion alongside SPT. [PMID: 21478445] Studies indicate that GRAS proteins are named after the first three members: GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI), REPRESSOR of GAI (RGA) and SCARECROW (SCR), and they have diverse roles in plant development and signal transduction. [PMID: 21732203] RGA represses flowering in leaves through FT and miR172 under long-day conditions, and represses flowering at the shoot apex through MADS box genes. [PMID: 22942378] Data indicate that BZR1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA), a member of the DELLA family of transcriptional regulators that inhibits the gibberellins (GAs) signaling pathway. [PMID: 23033541] DELLA activity is essential for Arabidopsis pollen development. [PMID: 24400898] The six conserved Ser/Thr sites are important for the different bioactivities of the RGA protein that regulate the gibberellin (GA) response, and also for RGA stability via the mimicking of phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation. [PMID: 25056926] RGA and GAI play distinct roles in seed germination. [PMID: 25064446] MLK1/2 and RGA directly interact with CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), which targets the promoter of DWARF4 (DWF4) to regulate its roles in cell expansion. [PMID: 29255112] RGA negatively regulate dark-induced senescence and chlorophyll degradation.RGA physically interacts with WRKY6. [PMID: 29574486]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00611	ChIP-seq	SRX647776	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT2G01570.1

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT2G20180 (A)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G04310(A), AT1G15550(R), AT1G70510(A), AT2G04240(A), AT2G22300(A), AT2G36270(A), AT2G41940(A), AT3G27920(A), AT3G30775(A), AT3G58070(A), AT3G62230(R), AT4G25420(R), AT5G22920(A), AT5G41315(A), AT5G49450(A), AT5G61420(R)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellin

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT2G02070, AT2G02080, AT2G20180, AT2G43010, AT2G45160, AT2G45680, AT3G05690, AT3G16770, AT3G24650, AT3G27010, AT3G27920, AT3G45260, AT3G47620, AT3G60630, AT3G62090, AT4G04890, AT4G21750, AT4G36930, AT5G12840, AT5G03150, AT5G20730, AT5G37020, AT5G41315, AT5G47640, AT5G66730, AT5G67110, AT1G06040, AT1G08970, AT1G09530, AT1G03840, AT1G30330, AT1G32640, AT1G35560, AT1G50420, AT1G54830, AT1G58100, AT1G63650, AT1G69690, AT1G72010, AT1G75080
IntAct	Search Q9SLH3

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Rga, gai, rgl1, rgl2 and rgl3 pentuple mutant displays constitutive GA responses even in the absence of GA treatment. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23482857}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT2G01570

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AC005560	0.0	AC005560.3 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2 clone F2I9 map rga, complete sequence.
GenBank	AY054160	0.0	AY054160.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At2g01570/F2I9.19 mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	BT010467	0.0	BT010467.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At2g01570/F2I9.19 gene, complete cds.
GenBank	CP002685	0.0	CP002685.1 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2, complete sequence.
GenBank	GQ177721	0.0	GQ177721.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Ei-2 RGA gene, complete sequence.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_178266.1	0.0	GRAS family transcription factor family protein
Swissprot	Q9SLH3	0.0	RGA_ARATH; DELLA protein RGA
TrEMBL	A0A178VRT8	0.0	A0A178VRT8_ARATH; RGA1
STRING	AT2G01570.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM837	28	121
Representative plant	OGRP1251	15	50

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT2G01570.1
Entrez Gene	814686
iHOP	AT2G01570
wikigenes	AT2G01570

Publications ? help Back to Top
Pysh LD,Wysocka-Diller JW,Camilleri C,Bouchez D,Benfey PN The GRAS gene family in Arabidopsis: sequence characterization and basic expression analysis of the SCARECROW-LIKE genes. Plant J., 1999. 18(1): p. 111-9 [PMID:10341448] Vivian-Smith A,Koltunow AM Genetic analysis of growth-regulator-induced parthenocarpy in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 1999. 121(2): p. 437-51 [PMID:10517835] Ogawa M,Kusano T,Katsumi M,Sano H Rice gibberellin-insensitive gene homolog, OsGAI, encodes a nuclear-localized protein capable of gene activation at transcriptional level. Gene, 2000. 245(1): p. 21-9 [PMID:10713441] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Ikeda A, et al. slender rice, a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the SLR1 gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene GAI/RGA/RHT/D8. Plant Cell, 2001. 13(5): p. 999-1010 [PMID:11340177] Silverstone AL, et al. Repressing a repressor: gibberellin-induced rapid reduction of the RGA protein in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2001. 13(7): p. 1555-66 [PMID:11449051] King KE,Moritz T,Harberd NP Gibberellins are not required for normal stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of GAI and RGA. Genetics, 2001. 159(2): p. 767-76 [PMID:11606551] Dill A,Sun T Synergistic derepression of gibberellin signaling by removing RGA and GAI function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics, 2001. 159(2): p. 777-85 [PMID:11606552] Dill A,Jung HS,Sun TP The DELLA motif is essential for gibberellin-induced degradation of RGA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2001. 98(24): p. 14162-7 [PMID:11717468] Wen CK,Chang C Arabidopsis RGL1 encodes a negative regulator of gibberellin responses. Plant Cell, 2002. 14(1): p. 87-100 [PMID:11826301] Lee S, et al. Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RGL2, a GAI/RGA-like gene whose expression is up-regulated following imbibition. Genes Dev., 2002. 16(5): p. 646-58 [PMID:11877383] Chandler PM,Marion-Poll A,Ellis M,Gubler F Mutants at the Slender1 locus of barley cv Himalaya. Molecular and physiological characterization. Plant Physiol., 2002. 129(1): p. 181-90 [PMID:12011349] Peng J,Harberd NP The role of GA-mediated signalling in the control of seed germination. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2002. 5(5): p. 376-81 [PMID:12183174] Fleck B,Harberd NP Evidence that the Arabidopsis nuclear gibberellin signalling protein GAI is not destabilised by gibberellin. Plant J., 2002. 32(6): p. 935-47 [PMID:12492836] Fu X,Harberd NP Auxin promotes Arabidopsis root growth by modulating gibberellin response. Nature, 2003. 421(6924): p. 740-3 [PMID:12610625] McGinnis KM, et al. The Arabidopsis SLEEPY1 gene encodes a putative F-box subunit of an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(5): p. 1120-30 [PMID:12724538] Yamada K, et al. Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science, 2003. 302(5646): p. 842-6 [PMID:14593172] Achard P,Vriezen WH,Van Der Straeten D,Harberd NP Ethylene regulates arabidopsis development via the modulation of DELLA protein growth repressor function. Plant Cell, 2003. 15(12): p. 2816-25 [PMID:14615596] Muangprom A,Osborn TC Characterization of a dwarf gene in Brassica rapa, including the identification of a candidate gene. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2004. 108(7): p. 1378-84 [PMID:14727029] Vriezen WH,Achard P,Harberd NP,Van Der Straeten D Ethylene-mediated enhancement of apical hook formation in etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings is gibberellin dependent. Plant J., 2004. 37(4): p. 505-16 [PMID:14756759] Bolle C The role of GRAS proteins in plant signal transduction and development. Planta, 2004. 218(5): p. 683-92 [PMID:14760535] Swain SM,Muller AJ,Singh DP The gar2 and rga alleles increase the growth of gibberellin-deficient pollen tubes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2004. 134(2): p. 694-705 [PMID:14764903] Alabad Gibberellins repress photomorphogenesis in darkness. Plant Physiol., 2004. 134(3): p. 1050-7 [PMID:14963246] Cheng H, et al. Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function. Development, 2004. 131(5): p. 1055-64 [PMID:14973286] Yu H, et al. Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004. 101(20): p. 7827-32 [PMID:15128937] Dill A,Thomas SG,Hu J,Steber CM,Sun TP The Arabidopsis F-box protein SLEEPY1 targets gibberellin signaling repressors for gibberellin-induced degradation. Plant Cell, 2004. 16(6): p. 1392-405 [PMID:15155881] Fu X, et al. The Arabidopsis mutant sleepy1gar2-1 protein promotes plant growth by increasing the affinity of the SCFSLY1 E3 ubiquitin ligase for DELLA protein substrates. Plant Cell, 2004. 16(6): p. 1406-18 [PMID:15161962] Tyler L, et al. Della proteins and gibberellin-regulated seed germination and floral development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(2): p. 1008-19 [PMID:15173565] Strader LC,Ritchie S,Soule JD,McGinnis KM,Steber CM Recessive-interfering mutations in the gibberellin signaling gene SLEEPY1 are rescued by overexpression of its homologue, SNEEZY. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004. 101(34): p. 12771-6 [PMID:15308775] Muangprom A,Thomas SG,Sun TP,Osborn TC A novel dwarfing mutation in a green revolution gene from Brassica rapa. Plant Physiol., 2005. 137(3): p. 931-8 [PMID:15734906] Cao D,Hussain A,Cheng H,Peng J Loss of function of four DELLA genes leads to light- and gibberellin-independent seed germination in Arabidopsis. Planta, 2005. 223(1): p. 105-13 [PMID:16034591] Brenner WG,Romanov GA,K Immediate-early and delayed cytokinin response genes of Arabidopsis thaliana identified by genome-wide expression profiling reveal novel cytokinin-sensitive processes and suggest cytokinin action through transcriptional cascades. Plant J., 2005. 44(2): p. 314-33 [PMID:16212609] Duarte JM, et al. Expression pattern shifts following duplication indicative of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization in regulatory genes of Arabidopsis. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2006. 23(2): p. 469-78 [PMID:16280546] Achard P, et al. Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. Science, 2006. 311(5757): p. 91-4 [PMID:16400150] Busov V, et al. Transgenic modification of gai or rgl1 causes dwarfing and alters gibberellins, root growth, and metabolite profiles in Populus. Planta, 2006. 224(2): p. 288-99 [PMID:16404575] Nakajima M, et al. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors. Plant J., 2006. 46(5): p. 880-9 [PMID:16709201] Penfield S,Gilday AD,Halliday KJ,Graham IA DELLA-mediated cotyledon expansion breaks coat-imposed seed dormancy. Curr. Biol., 2006. 16(23): p. 2366-70 [PMID:17141619] Silverstone AL, et al. Functional analysis of SPINDLY in gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2007. 143(2): p. 987-1000 [PMID:17142481] Griffiths J, et al. Genetic characterization and functional analysis of the GID1 gibberellin receptors in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(12): p. 3399-414 [PMID:17194763] Willige BC, et al. The DELLA domain of GA INSENSITIVE mediates the interaction with the GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1A gibberellin receptor of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2007. 19(4): p. 1209-20 [PMID:17416730] Oh E, et al. PIL5, a phytochrome-interacting bHLH protein, regulates gibberellin responsiveness by binding directly to the GAI and RGA promoters in Arabidopsis seeds. 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