PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT1G75080.1

Common Name

BIS2, BZR1, F9E10_7

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

BES1

Protein Properties

Length: 336aa MW: 36485.6 Da PI: 9.3896

Description

BES1 family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT1G75080.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	DUF822	216.8	5.1e-67	19	161	1	145
DUF822 1 ggsgrkptwkErEnnkrRERrRRaiaakiyaGLRaqGnyklpkraDnneVlkALcreAGwvvedDGttyrkgskpleeaeaagssasaspesslqssl 98 ++++rkp+w+ErEnn+rRERrRRa+aakiy+GLRaqG+y+lpk++DnneVlkALc eAGwvve+DGttyrkg+kpl e+ag+s++++p ss+++s+ AT1G75080.1 19 AAARRKPSWRERENNRRRERRRRAVAAKIYTGLRAQGDYNLPKHCDNNEVLKALCVEAGWVVEEDGTTYRKGCKPL-PGEIAGTSSRVTPYSSQNQSP 115 5899**********************************************************************.***************** PP DUF822 99 kssalaspvesysaspksssfpspssldsislasaasllpvlsvlsl 145 ssa++sp++sy+ sp+sssfpsps+ + ++++s ++++p+l++ + AT1G75080.1 116 LSSAFQSPIPSYQVSPSSSSFPSPSRGEPNNNMS-STFFPFLRNGGI 161 **************************999985.889999988764 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Pfam	PF05687	9.1E-61	21	143	IPR008540	BES1/BZR1 plant transcription factor, N-terminal

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0009742	Biological Process	brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0040008	Biological Process	regulation of growth
GO:0045892	Biological Process	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0048316	Biological Process	seed development
GO:0048481	Biological Process	plant ovule development
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0005829	Cellular Component	cytosol
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 336 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MTSDGATSTS AAAAAAAAAA ARRKPSWRER ENNRRRERRR RAVAAKIYTG LRAQGDYNLP 60 KHCDNNEVLK ALCVEAGWVV EEDGTTYRKG CKPLPGEIAG TSSRVTPYSS QNQSPLSSAF 120 QSPIPSYQVS PSSSSFPSPS RGEPNNNMSS TFFPFLRNGG IPSSLPSLRI SNSCPVTPPV 180 SSPTSKNPKP LPNWESIAKQ SMAIAKQSMA SFNYPFYAVS APASPTHRHQ FHTPATIPEC 240 DESDSSTVDS GHWISFQKFA QQQPFSASMV PTSPTFNLVK PAPQQMSPNT AAFQEIGQSS 300 EFKFENSQVK PWEGERIHDV GMEDLELTLG NGKARG

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
5zd4_A	8e-41	22	104	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
5zd4_B	8e-41	22	104	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
5zd4_C	8e-41	22	104	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
5zd4_D	8e-41	22	104	371	453	Maltose-binding periplasmic protein,Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
Search in ModeBase

Nucleic Localization Signal ? help Back to Top

No.	Start	End	Sequence
1	21	40	RRKPSWRERENNRRRERRRR

Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.28634	0.0	flower\| root

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
Genevisible	259955_s_at	1e-51
Expression Atlas	AT1G75080	-
AtGenExpress	AT1G75080	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Accumulates in the growing region of the hypocotyl. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11970900}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Encodes a positive regulator of the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway that mediates both downstream BR responses and negative feedback regulation of BR biosynthesis. There is evidence for phosphorylation-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BZR1. GSK3-like kinases (including BIN2), 14-3-3 proteins, and the phosphatase BSU1 seem to participate in this process. Phosphorylation also appears to affect BZR1's transcriptional activities.
UniProt	Transcriptional repressor that binds to the brassinosteroid (BR) response element (BRRE) 5'-CGTG(T/C)G-3' in gene promoter. Regulates positively the brassinosteroid-signaling pathway. Mediates downstream growth responses and negative feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Promotes growth. Modulates ovule initiation and development by monitoring the expression of genes related to ovule development (e.g. HLL, ANT, and AP2). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15681342, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22914576}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
results show that BZR1 coordinates brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and signaling by playing dual roles in regulating BR biosynthesis and downstream growth responses [PMID: 15681342] BZR1 functions as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and GSK3-like kinases induce the nuclear export of BZR1 by modulating BZR1 interaction with the 14-3-3 proteins. [PMID: 17873094] BIN2 utilizes a direct kinase-substrate docking mechanism to phosphorylate BZR1 and regulate its protein stability [PMID: 20522560] Data show that BZR1 not only controls the expression of many signaling components of other hormonal and light pathways but also coregulates common target genes with light-signaling transcription factors. [PMID: 21074725] Data reveal a crucial function for PP2A in dephosphorylating and activating BZR1 and completes the set of core components of the brassinosteroid-signalling cascade from cell surface receptor kinase to gene regulation in the nucleus. [PMID: 21258370] BZR1 dissociates from the DWF4 (cytochrome P450 90B1) promoter in the presence of auxin, indicating DWF4 expression involves BZR1-mediated de-repression mechanisms. [PMID: 21284753] BZR1 and PIF4 interact with each other in vitro and in vivo, bind to nearly 2,000 common target genes, and synergistically regulate many of these target genes [PMID: 22820378] BZR1 and AP2 probably affect Arabidopsis ovule number determination antagonistically [PMID: 22914576] Data indicate that BZR1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA), a member of the DELLA family of transcriptional regulators that inhibits the gibberellins (GAs) signaling pathway. [PMID: 23033541] role in regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by brassinosteroids [PMID: 23580754] The results suggest that AGB1 interacts with BIN2, but regulates the BR signalling in a BZR1-independent manner. [PMID: 23814276] Data indicate that conformational changes of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1), mediated by cyclophilin (CYP20-2), may directly regulate the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to influence flowering. [PMID: 23897924] BZR1-interacting proteins have been identified as potential components of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. [PMID: 24019147] Phosphatidic acid decreased BZR1 dephosphorylation to inhibit BZR1 activity and brassinosteroid signal response by regulating PP2A activity. [PMID: 24121289] BZR1 acts as an important regulator mediating the trade-off between growth and immunity upon integration of environmental cues [PMID: 24381244] BZR1 represses target genes by recruiting the Groucho/TUP1-like transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS. [PMID: 24938363] BIL1/BZR1 increases plant resistance to insect feeding [PMID: 25036120] propose that the environmentally controlled developmental switch from deep to shallow root architecture involves reductions in BZR1 and BES1/BZR2 levels in the nucleus, which likely play key roles in plant adaptation to phosphate-deficient environments [PMID: 25136063] The amino-terminal and central parts of BES1 are responsible for its physical interaction with HSP90.3 in vitro. Additionally, BZR1 is a novel HSP90 partner aside from two BR signaling components previously identified as its clients. [PMID: 25778412] BZR1, a BES1 homologue, promotes cell divisions in the QC, but it suppresses columella stem cell differentiation, opposite to the action of BES1. [PMID: 26136267] the physical connection between brassinosteroid and light signaling pathways in regulating cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis is mediated by a direct interaction between BZR1 and HY5 [PMID: 26363272] ABI5 is a direct target gene of BZR1, and modulating the expression of ABI5 by BZR1 plays important roles in regulating the crosstalk between the brassinosteroid and abscisic acid signalling pathways. [PMID: 27149247] BES1 and BZR1 are brassinolide-targeted genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. [PMID: 28124247] light-regulated phosphorylation change of BZR1 requires the existence of endogenous brassinosteroid as well as functional BIN2 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). [PMID: 28396515] Ways of BES1/BZR1 Degradation to Decode Distinct Developmental and Environmental Cues in Plants [PMID: 28629641] The findings suggest that BZR1 functions in an amplifying feedforward loop involved in PIF4 activation. Although numerous negative regulators of PIF4 have been described, the authors identify BZR1 here as a true temperature-dependent positive regulator of PIF4, acting as a major growth coordinator. [PMID: 29337075] BES1 and BZR1 are key regulators of both xylem and phloem cell differentiation from vascular stem cells. [PMID: 29385529] The brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors BZR1/BES1 function as a coordinator in multisignal-regulated plant growth. [PMID: 29673687]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00237	DAP	27203113	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT1G75080.1

Regulation -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	INDUCTION: By brassinosteroid (BR). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15681342}.

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT2G43060(A), AT3G50660(R), AT4G38850(A), AT5G05690(R), AT5G39860(A)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	brassinosteroid

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G75080
IntAct	Search Q8S307

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: In bzr1-1D, weak dwarf phenotype with reduced hypocotyl and petiole lengths and dark green curled leaves when light-grown. Increased cell elongation in the dark. Hypersensitive to brassinosteroid (BR). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15681342}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT1G75080

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	BT015454	0.0	BT015454.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At1g75080 mRNA sequence.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_565099.1	0.0	Brassinosteroid signaling positive regulator (BZR1) family protein
Refseq	NP_974145.1	0.0	Brassinosteroid signaling positive regulator (BZR1) family protein
Swissprot	Q8S307	0.0	BZR1_ARATH; Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1
TrEMBL	A0A178WJU2	0.0	A0A178WJU2_ARATH; BZR1
STRING	AT1G75080.2	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM2472	27	72
Representative plant	OGRP3719	10	24

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT1G75080.1
Entrez Gene	843845
iHOP	AT1G75080
wikigenes	AT1G75080

Publications ? help Back to Top
Wang ZY, et al. Nuclear-localized BZR1 mediates brassinosteroid-induced growth and feedback suppression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Dev. Cell, 2002. 2(4): p. 505-13 [PMID:11970900] He JX,Gendron JM,Yang Y,Li J,Wang ZY The GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and destabilizes BZR1, a positive regulator of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2002. 99(15): p. 10185-90 [PMID:12114546] Zhao J, et al. Two putative BIN2 substrates are nuclear components of brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Physiol., 2002. 130(3): p. 1221-9 [PMID:12427989] Yamada K, et al. Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science, 2003. 302(5646): p. 842-6 [PMID:14593172] He JX, et al. BZR1 is a transcriptional repressor with dual roles in brassinosteroid homeostasis and growth responses. Science, 2005. 307(5715): p. 1634-8 [PMID:15681342] Kim HB, et al. The regulation of DWARF4 expression is likely a critical mechanism in maintaining the homeostasis of bioactive brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2006. 140(2): p. 548-57 [PMID:16407451] Vert G,Chory J Downstream nuclear events in brassinosteroid signalling. Nature, 2006. 441(7089): p. 96-100 [PMID:16672972] Wang ZY, et al. The brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway. Cell Res., 2006. 16(5): p. 427-34 [PMID:16699538] M Molecular analysis of brassinosteroid action. Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2006. 8(3): p. 291-6 [PMID:16807820] Jin H,Li S,Villegas A Down-regulation of the 26S proteasome subunit RPN9 inhibits viral systemic transport and alters plant vascular development. Plant Physiol., 2006. 142(2): p. 651-61 [PMID:16905670] Haubrick LL,Assmann SM Brassinosteroids and plant function: some clues, more puzzles. Plant Cell Environ., 2006. 29(3): p. 446-57 [PMID:17080598] Belkhadir Y,Chory J Brassinosteroid signaling: a paradigm for steroid hormone signaling from the cell surface. Science, 2006. 314(5804): p. 1410-1 [PMID:17138891] Matsushita A,Furumoto T,Ishida S,Takahashi Y AGF1, an AT-hook protein, is necessary for the negative feedback of AtGA3ox1 encoding GA 3-oxidase. Plant Physiol., 2007. 143(3): p. 1152-62 [PMID:17277098] de Vries SC 14-3-3 proteins in plant brassinosteroid signaling. Dev. Cell, 2007. 13(2): p. 162-4 [PMID:17681126] Gampala SS, et al. An essential role for 14-3-3 proteins in brassinosteroid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2007. 13(2): p. 177-89 [PMID:17681130] Bai MY, et al. Functions of OsBZR1 and 14-3-3 proteins in brassinosteroid signaling in rice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2007. 104(34): p. 13839-44 [PMID:17699623] Ryu H, et al. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BZR1 mediated by phosphorylation is essential in Arabidopsis brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Cell, 2007. 19(9): p. 2749-62 [PMID:17873094] Tang W, et al. Proteomics studies of brassinosteroid signal transduction using prefractionation and two-dimensional DIGE. Mol. Cell Proteomics, 2008. 7(4): p. 728-38 [PMID:18182375] Yu X, et al. Modulation of brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression by Jumonji domain-containing proteins ELF6 and REF6 in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2008. 105(21): p. 7618-23 [PMID:18467490] Reiland S, et al. Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks. Plant Physiol., 2009. 150(2): p. 889-903 [PMID:19376835] Zhang LY, et al. Antagonistic HLH/bHLH transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid regulation of cell elongation and plant development in rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(12): p. 3767-80 [PMID:20009022] Park CH, et al. Brassinosteroids control AtEXPA5 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry, 2010. 71(4): p. 380-7 [PMID:20035956] Rozhon W,Mayerhofer J,Petutschnig E,Fujioka S,Jonak C ASKtheta, a group-III Arabidopsis GSK3, functions in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway. Plant J., 2010. 62(2): p. 215-23 [PMID:20128883] Ryu H,Cho H,Kim K,Hwang I Phosphorylation dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BES1 is a key regulatory event in brassinosteroid signaling. Mol. Cells, 2010. 29(3): p. 283-90 [PMID:20387034] Ryu H,Kim K,Cho H,Hwang I Predominant actions of cytosolic BSU1 and nuclear BIN2 regulate subcellular localization of BES1 in brassinosteroid signaling. Mol. Cells, 2010. 29(3): p. 291-6 [PMID:20387035] Peng P,Zhao J,Zhu Y,Asami T,Li J A direct docking mechanism for a plant GSK3-like kinase to phosphorylate its substrates. J. Biol. Chem., 2010. 285(32): p. 24646-53 [PMID:20522560] Elrouby N,Coupland G Proteome-wide screens for small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) substrates identify Arabidopsis proteins implicated in diverse biological processes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010. 107(40): p. 17415-20 [PMID:20855607] Sun Y, et al. Integration of brassinosteroid signal transduction with the transcription network for plant growth regulation in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2010. 19(5): p. 765-77 [PMID:21074725] Shin R,Jez JM,Basra A,Zhang B,Schachtman DP 14-3-3 proteins fine-tune plant nutrient metabolism. FEBS Lett., 2011. 585(1): p. 143-7 [PMID:21094157] Luo XM, et al. Integration of light- and brassinosteroid-signaling pathways by a GATA transcription factor in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell, 2010. 19(6): p. 872-83 [PMID:21145502] Yu X, et al. A brassinosteroid transcriptional network revealed by genome-wide identification of BESI target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J., 2011. 65(4): p. 634-46 [PMID:21214652] Tang W, et al. PP2A activates brassinosteroid-responsive gene Nat. Cell Biol., 2011. 13(2): p. 124-31 [PMID:21258370] Hacham Y, et al. Brassinosteroid perception in the epidermis controls root meristem size. Development, 2011. 138(5): p. 839-48 [PMID:21270053] Chung Y, et al. Auxin stimulates DWARF4 expression and brassinosteroid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2011. 66(4): p. 564-78 [PMID:21284753] Reinhold H, et al. β-amylase-like proteins function as transcription factors in Arabidopsis, controlling shoot growth and development. Plant Cell, 2011. 23(4): p. 1391-403 [PMID:21487098] Di Rubbo S,Irani NG,Russinova E PP2A phosphatases: the "on-off" regulatory switches of brassinosteroid signaling. Sci Signal, 2011. 4(172): p. pe25 [PMID:21558552] Qu T, et al. Brassinosteroids regulate pectin methylesterase activity and AtPME41 expression in Arabidopsis under chilling stress. Cryobiology, 2011. 63(2): p. 111-7 [PMID:21819976] Kim TW,Guan S,Burlingame AL,Wang ZY The CDG1 kinase mediates brassinosteroid signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase and GSK3-like kinase BIN2. Mol. Cell, 2011. 43(4): p. 561-71 [PMID:21855796] Wang H, et al. Dual role of BKI1 and 14-3-3 s in brassinosteroid signaling to link receptor with transcription factors. Dev. Cell, 2011. 21(5): p. 825-34 [PMID:22075146] Kim TW,Michniewicz M,Bergmann DC,Wang ZY Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by GSK3-mediated inhibition of a MAPK pathway. Nature, 2012. 482(7385): p. 419-22 [PMID:22307275] Fan XY, et al. BZS1, a B-box protein, promotes photomorphogenesis downstream of both brassinosteroid and light signaling pathways. Mol Plant, 2012. 5(3): p. 591-600 [PMID:22535582] Zhang C, et al. Dynamics of brassinosteroid response modulated by negative regulator LIC in rice. PLoS Genet., 2012. 8(4): p. e1002686 [PMID:22570626] Bai MY, et al. Brassinosteroid, gibberellin and phytochrome impinge on a common transcription module in Arabidopsis. Nat. Cell Biol., 2012. 14(8): p. 810-7 [PMID:22820377] Oh E,Zhu JY,Wang ZY Interaction between BZR1 and PIF4 integrates brassinosteroid and environmental responses. Nat. Cell Biol., 2012. 14(8): p. 802-9 [PMID:22820378] Gallego-Bartolom Molecular mechanism for the interaction between gibberellin and brassinosteroid signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(33): p. 13446-51 [PMID:22847438] Huang HY, et al. BR signal influences Arabidopsis ovule and seed number through regulating related genes expression by BZR1. Mol Plant, 2013. 6(2): p. 456-69 [PMID:22914576] Meinke DW A survey of dominant mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Trends Plant Sci., 2013. 18(2): p. 84-91 [PMID:22995285] Wang ZY,Bai MY,Oh E,Zhu JY Brassinosteroid signaling network and regulation of photomorphogenesis. Annu. Rev. Genet., 2012. 46: p. 701-24 [PMID:23020777] Li QF, et al. An interaction between BZR1 and DELLAs mediates direct signaling crosstalk between brassinosteroids and gibberellins in Arabidopsis. Sci Signal, 2012. 5(244): p. ra72 [PMID:23033541] Zhou XY,Song L,Xue HW Brassinosteroids regulate the differential growth of Arabidopsis hypocotyls through auxin signaling components IAA19 and ARF7. Mol Plant, 2013. 6(3): p. 887-904 [PMID:23125315] Ye H,Li L,Guo H,Yin Y MYBL2 is a substrate of GSK3-like kinase BIN2 and acts as a corepressor of BES1 in brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(49): p. 20142-7 [PMID:23169658] Gendron JM, et al. Brassinosteroids regulate organ boundary formation in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012. 109(51): p. 21152-7 [PMID:23213257] Hao J,Yin Y,Fei SZ Brassinosteroid signaling network: implications on yield and stress tolerance. Plant Cell Rep., 2013. 32(7): p. 1017-30 [PMID:23568410] Guo R, et al. BZR1 and BES1 participate in regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 2013. 64(8): p. 2401-12 [PMID:23580754] Li QF,He JX Mechanisms of signaling crosstalk between brassinosteroids and gibberellins. Plant Signal Behav, 2013. 8(7): p. e24686 [PMID:23603943] Jiang WB, et al. Brassinosteroid regulates seed size and shape in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2013. 162(4): p. 1965-77 [PMID:23771896] Tsugama D,Liu S,Takano T Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein β subunit, AGB1, regulates brassinosteroid signalling independently of BZR1. J. Exp. Bot., 2013. 64(11): p. 3213-23 [PMID:23814276] Lin W, et al. Inverse modulation of plant immune and brassinosteroid signaling pathways by the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2013. 110(29): p. 12114-9 [PMID:23818580] Zhang Y, et al. The cyclophilin CYP20-2 modulates the conformation of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1, which binds the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS D to regulate flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2013. 25(7): p. 2504-21 [PMID:23897924] Wang C, et al. Identification of BZR1-interacting proteins as potential components of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis through tandem affinity purification. Mol. Cell Proteomics, 2013. 12(12): p. 3653-65 [PMID:24019147] Liu L, et al. Ectopic expression of a BZR1-1D transcription factor in brassinosteroid signalling enhances carotenoid accumulation and fruit quality attributes in tomato. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2014. 12(1): p. 105-15 [PMID:24102834] Wu P,Gao HB,Zhang LL,Xue HW,Lin WH Phosphatidic acid regulates BZR1 activity and brassinosteroid signal of Arabidopsis. Mol Plant, 2014. 7(2): p. 445-7 [PMID:24121289] Wang Y, et al. Strigolactone/MAX2-induced degradation of brassinosteroid transcriptional effector BES1 regulates shoot branching. Dev. Cell, 2013. 27(6): p. 681-8 [PMID:24369836] Lozano-Dur The transcriptional regulator BZR1 mediates trade-off between plant innate immunity and growth. Elife, 2013. 2: p. e00983 [PMID:24381244] Kim B, et al. Darkness and gulliver2/phyB mutation decrease the abundance of phosphorylated BZR1 to activate brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2014. 77(5): p. 737-47 [PMID:24387668] He X, et al. A genotypic difference in primary root length is associated with the inhibitory role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 on root meristem size in wheat. Plant J., 2014. 77(6): p. 931-43 [PMID:24467344] Oh E, et al. Cell elongation is regulated through a central circuit of interacting transcription factors in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. Elife, 2015. [PMID:24867218] Zhang D,Jing Y,Jiang Z,Lin R The Chromatin-Remodeling Factor PICKLE Integrates Brassinosteroid and Gibberellin Signaling during Skotomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2014. 26(6): p. 2472-2485 [PMID:24920333] Oh E,Zhu JY,Ryu H,Hwang I,Wang ZY TOPLESS mediates brassinosteroid-induced transcriptional repression through interaction with BZR1. Nat Commun, 2014. 5: p. 4140 [PMID:24938363] Miyaji T, et al. Brassinosteroid-related transcription factor BIL1/BZR1 increases plant resistance to insect feeding. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2014. 78(6): p. 960-8 [PMID:25036120] Singh AP, et al. Activity of the brassinosteroid transcription factors BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT2 blocks developmental reprogramming in response to low phosphate availability. Plant Physiol., 2014. 166(2): p. 678-88 [PMID:25136063] Shimada S, et al. Formation and dissociation of the BSS1 protein complex regulates plant development via brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Cell, 2015. 27(2): p. 375-90 [PMID:25663622] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Shigeta T, et al. Heat shock protein 90 acts in brassinosteroid signaling through interaction with BES1/BZR1 transcription factor. J. Plant Physiol., 2015. 178: p. 69-73 [PMID:25778412] Chaiwanon J,Wang ZY Spatiotemporal brassinosteroid signaling and antagonism with auxin pattern stem cell dynamics in Arabidopsis roots. Curr. Biol., 2015. 25(8): p. 1031-42 [PMID:25866388] Zhang Y, et al. Brassinosteroid is required for sugar promotion of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis in darkness. Planta, 2015. 242(4): p. 881-93 [PMID:25998528] Lee HS, et al. Brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1)-dependent brassinosteroid signalling pathway leads to ectopic activation of quiescent cell division and suppresses columella stem cell differentiation. J. Exp. Bot., 2015. 66(15): p. 4835-49 [PMID:26136267] Jiang J, et al. The Intrinsically Disordered Protein BKI1 Is Essential for Inhibiting BRI1 Signaling in Plants. Mol Plant, 2015. 8(11): p. 1675-8 [PMID:26296798] Zhang Y,He J Sugar-induced plant growth is dependent on brassinosteroids. Plant Signal Behav, 2015. 10(12): p. e1082700 [PMID:26340221] Li QF,He JX BZR1 Interacts with HY5 to Mediate Brassinosteroid- and Light-Regulated Cotyledon Opening in Arabidopsis in Darkness. Mol Plant, 2016. 9(1): p. 113-25 [PMID:26363272] Anne P, et al. OCTOPUS Negatively Regulates BIN2 to Control Phloem Differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr. Biol., 2015. 25(19): p. 2584-90 [PMID:26387715] Wang R, et al. The Brassinosteroid-Activated BRI1 Receptor Kinase Is Switched off by Dephosphorylation Mediated by Cytoplasm-Localized PP2A B' Subunits. Mol Plant, 2016. 9(1): p. 148-157 [PMID:26517938] Youn JH, et al. ARF7 increases the endogenous contents of castasterone through suppression of BAS1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry, 2016. 122: p. 34-44 [PMID:26608667] Chaiwanon J,Garcia VJ,Cartwright H,Sun Y,Wang ZY Immunophilin-like FKBP42/TWISTED DWARF1 Interacts with the Receptor Kinase BRI1 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant, 2016. 9(4): p. 593-600 [PMID:26808213] Yang X,Bai Y,Shang J,Xin R,Tang W The antagonistic regulation of abscisic acid-inhibited root growth by brassinosteroids is partially mediated via direct suppression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 expression by BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1. Plant Cell Environ., 2016. 39(9): p. 1994-2003 [PMID:27149247] Shahnejat-Bushehri S,Tarkowska D,Sakuraba Y,Balazadeh S Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor JUB1 regulates GA/BR metabolism and signalling. Nat Plants, 2016. 2: p. 16013 [PMID:27249348] Zhang Z, et al. TOR Signaling Promotes Accumulation of BZR1 to Balance Growth with Carbon Availability in Arabidopsis. Curr. Biol., 2016. 26(14): p. 1854-60 [PMID:27345161] Zhang Y, et al. Functional characterization of GmBZL2 (AtBZR1 like gene) reveals the conserved BR signaling regulation in Glycine max. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 31134 [PMID:27498784] Favero DS,Le KN,Neff MM Brassinosteroid signaling converges with SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME B4-#3 to influence the expression of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA genes and hypocotyl growth. Plant J., 2017. 89(6): p. 1133-1145 [PMID:27984677] Li H, et al. BZR1 Positively Regulates Freezing Tolerance via CBF-Dependent and CBF-Independent Pathways in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant, 2017. 10(4): p. 545-559 [PMID:28089951] Nolan T, et al. Identification of Brassinosteroid Target Genes by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by High-Throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-Sequencing. Methods Mol. Biol., 2017. 1564: p. 63-79 [PMID:28124247] Zentella R, et al. The Arabidopsis O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY activates nuclear growth repressor DELLA. Nat. Chem. Biol., 2017. 13(5): p. 479-485 [PMID:28244988] Espinosa-Ruiz A, et al. TOPLESS mediates brassinosteroid control of shoot boundaries and root meristem development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development, 2017. 144(9): p. 1619-1628 [PMID:28320734] Li QF, et al. Light involved regulation of BZR1 stability and phosphorylation status to coordinate plant growth in Arabidopsis. Biosci. Rep., 2018. [PMID:28396515] Thussagunpanit J, et al. Characterization of synthetic ecdysteroid analogues as functional mimics of brassinosteroids in plant growth. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2017. 172: p. 1-8 [PMID:28479230] Zhu JY, et al. The F-box Protein KIB1 Mediates Brassinosteroid-Induced Inactivation and Degradation of GSK3-like Kinases in Arabidopsis. Mol. Cell, 2017. 66(5): p. 648-657.e4 [PMID:28575660] Yang M,Wang X Multiple Ways of BES1/BZR1 Degradation to Decode Distinct Developmental and Environmental Cues in Plants. Mol Plant, 2017. 10(7): p. 915-917 [PMID:28629641] Lv B, et al. Brassinosteroids regulate root growth by controlling reactive oxygen species homeostasis and dual effect on ethylene synthesis in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet., 2018. 14(1): p. e1007144 [PMID:29324765] Ibañez C, et al. Brassinosteroids Dominate Hormonal Regulation of Plant Thermomorphogenesis via BZR1. Curr. Biol., 2018. 28(2): p. 303-310.e3 [PMID:29337075] Saito M,Kondo Y,Fukuda H BES1 and BZR1 Redundantly Promote Phloem and Xylem Differentiation. Plant Cell Physiol., 2018. 59(3): p. 590-600 [PMID:29385529] Li QF, et al. The brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors BZR1/BES1 function as a coordinator in multisignal-regulated plant growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech, 2018. 1861(6): p. 561-571 [PMID:29673687] Nosaki S, et al. Structural basis for brassinosteroid response by BIL1/BZR1. Nat Plants, 2018. 4(10): p. 771-776 [PMID:30287951]