PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT1G28300.1

Common Name

F3H9.5, LEC2

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

Protein Properties

Length: 363aa MW: 41708.4 Da PI: 5.0397

Description

B3 family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT1G28300.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	B3	60.3	3.4e-19	172	266	2	94
EEE-..-HHHHTT-EE--HHH.HTT..---..--SEEEEEE.TTS-EEEEEE....EEETTEEEE-TTHHHHHHHHT--TT-EEEEEE-SSSEE..EE CS B3 2 fkvltpsdvlksgrlvlpkkfaeeh..ggkkeesktltled.esgrsWevkliy..rkksgryvltkGWkeFvkangLkegDfvvFkldgrsefelvv 94 +k+l++sdv+++gr+vlpk+ ae++ +++ +e++ ++++d s +sW++k+++ ++ks++yvl+ ++ eFvk+ng + gDf++++ ++++++l++ AT1G28300.1 172 EKELKNSDVGSLGRIVLPKRDAEANlpKLSDKEGIVVQMRDvFSMQSWSFKYKFwsNNKSRMYVLE-NTGEFVKQNGAEIGDFLTIY--EDESKNLYF 266 799**********************77778999**8888***99888888889999.******************..556766665 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
Gene3D	G3DSA:2.40.330.10	7.7E-24	167	276	IPR015300	DNA-binding pseudobarrel domain
CDD	cd10017	3.47E-22	170	265	No hit	No description
SuperFamily	SSF101936	1.04E-18	171	267	IPR015300	DNA-binding pseudobarrel domain
PROSITE profile	PS50863	9.22	171	272	IPR003340	B3 DNA binding domain
SMART	SM01019	9.1E-20	171	272	IPR003340	B3 DNA binding domain
Pfam	PF02362	6.2E-16	172	266	IPR003340	B3 DNA binding domain

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0010262	Biological Process	somatic embryogenesis
GO:0010344	Biological Process	seed oilbody biogenesis
GO:0010431	Biological Process	seed maturation
GO:0010601	Biological Process	positive regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
GO:0045893	Biological Process	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003677	Molecular Function	DNA binding
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000011	anatomy	cultured somatic plant embryo
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007131	developmental stage	seedling development stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 363 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MDNFLPFPSS NANSVQELSM DPNNNRSHFT TVPTYDHHQA QPHHFLPPFS YPVEQMAAVM 60 NPQPVYLSEC YPQIPVTQTG SEFGSLVGNP CLWQERGGFL DPRMTKMARI NRKNAMMRSR 120 NNSSPNSSPS ELVDSKRQLM MLNLKNNVQI SDKKDSYQQS TFDNKKLRVL CEKELKNSDV 180 GSLGRIVLPK RDAEANLPKL SDKEGIVVQM RDVFSMQSWS FKYKFWSNNK SRMYVLENTG 240 EFVKQNGAEI GDFLTIYEDE SKNLYFAMNG NSGKQNEGRE NESRERNHYE EAMLDYIPRD 300 EEEASIAMLI GNLNDHYPIP NDLMDLTTDL QHHQATSSSM PPEDHAYVGS SDDQVSFNDF 360 EWW

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 363 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MDNFLPFPSS NANSVQELSM DPNNNRSHFT TVPTYDHHQA QPHHFLPPFS YPVEQMAAVM  60
NPQPVYLSEC YPQIPVTQTG SEFGSLVGNP CLWQERGGFL DPRMTKMARI NRKNAMMRSR  120
NNSSPNSSPS ELVDSKRQLM MLNLKNNVQI SDKKDSYQQS TFDNKKLRVL CEKELKNSDV  180
GSLGRIVLPK RDAEANLPKL SDKEGIVVQM RDVFSMQSWS FKYKFWSNNK SRMYVLENTG  240
EFVKQNGAEI GDFLTIYEDE SKNLYFAMNG NSGKQNEGRE NESRERNHYE EAMLDYIPRD  300
EEEASIAMLI GNLNDHYPIP NDLMDLTTDL QHHQATSSSM PPEDHAYVGS SDDQVSFNDF  360
EWW

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
6j9c_A	2e-78	160	273	2	115	B3 domain-containing transcription factor LEC2
6j9c_D	2e-78	160	273	2	115	B3 domain-containing transcription factor LEC2
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Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
Genevisible	245669_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT1G28300	-
AtGenExpress	AT1G28300	-
ATTED-II	AT1G28300	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed during embryo development. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11573014}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Transcription factor that contains a B3 domain, a DNA-binding motif unique to plants and characteristic of several transcription factors. Plays critical roles both early and late during embryo development. LEC2 RNA accumulates primarily during seed development. LEC2 is required for the maintenance of suspensor morphology, specification of cotyledon identity, progression through the maturation phase, and suppression of premature germination. It establishes a cellular environment sufficient to initiate embryo development - ectopic, postembryonic expression of LEC2 in transgenic plants induces the formation of somatic embryos and other organ-like structures and often confers embryonic characteristics to seedlings and to reproductive and vegetative organs of mature plants.
UniProt	Transcription regulator that plays a central role in embryo development. Required for the maintenance of suspensor morphology, specification of cotyledon identity, progression through the maturation phase and suppression of premature germination. Ectopic expression is sufficient to promote somatic embryogenesis. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11573014, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16492731, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18287041}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
In this study, it was shown that gibberellin (GA) hormone biosynthesis is regulated by LEC2 and FUS3 pathways. [PMID: 15516508] Loss of embryogenic potential in the lec2 mutant in vitro is not related to the distribution of exogenously applied auxin. [PMID: 16034595] Data show that the induction of LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 leads to the accumulation of storage oil and seed specific mRNAs in leaves, and increases the expression of the seed regulators namely, LEC1, FUS3, and ABI3. [PMID: 16107256] demonstrate that LEC2 directly controls a transcriptional program involved in the maturation phase of seed development [PMID: 16492731] WRINKLED 1 is a target of LEAFY COTYLEDON2 and is necessary for the regulatory action on fatty acid metabolism. [Leafy Cotyledon2] [LEC2] [PMID: 17419836] LEC2 causes rapid changes in auxin responses and induces cellular differentiation characteristic of the maturation phase. [PMID: 18287041] revealed differential expression of LEC2 transcripts within a 30 days time course of somatic embryo development. [PMID: 19763577] The central promoter region of OLEOSIN, responsible for seed specificity and LEC2 activation, was determined by 5'-deletion analysis. [PMID: 19802745] LEC2 alters: (1) the delivery of photosynthates from the seed coat to the embryo, (2) carbon partitioning towards different storage compounds, (3) the rate of starch synthesis, and (4) degradation in developing seeds and germination capacity of dry seeds. [PMID: 21665323] Transcriptional regulation of Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON2 involves a cis-element that regulates trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine-27. [PMID: 22080598] Role and expression pattern of LEC2 in seed development [PMID: 22228409] The analysis indicated that YUCCAs and TAA1, working in the IPA-YUC auxin biosynthesis pathway, are associated with SE induction, and that the expression of three YUCCA genes (YUC1, YUC4 and YUC10) is associated with LEC2 activity. [PMID: 23722561] LEC2 overexpression modifies the morphology and anatomy of leaves by promoting differentiation toward an embryonic pathway. [PMID: 23780897] senescence-inducible and triggers the key metabolic steps that increase triacylglycerol accumulation in leaves [PMID: 25790072] This study examined the role of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), FUSCA3 (FUS3) and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2), in the production of seed reserves in Arabidopsis. [PMID: 25840088] LEC1, LEC2 , and FUSCA3 transcripts are candidate targets of VAL1, acting through epigenetic and/or transcriptional repression. [PMID: 26678037] LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) was identified as an interacting factor of FUS3, and demonstrated that these two homologous B3 transcription factors interact to bind to the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 (YUC4) and synergistically activate its transcription during lateral roots formation. [PMID: 27878992] the mutations of key amino acids for the function of LEC1 in planta (D86K) prevented the interaction with LEC2. These results provide molecular evidences for the binding of LEC1 to B2-domain containing transcription factors, to form heteromers, involved in the control of gene expression. [PMID: 29580949]

Binding Motif ? help Back to Top
Motif ID	Method	Source	Motif file
MP00032	PBM	25215497	Download

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT1G28300.1

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G21970 (A), AT1G54060 (R)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G04250(A), AT1G80340(R), AT2G22810(A), AT2G36270(R), AT3G24650(A), AT3G26790(A), AT3G54320(A), AT3G62100(A), AT4G13260(A), AT4G14560(A), AT4G27160(A), AT5G11320(A), AT5G13790(A), AT5G65165(A)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	abscisic acid

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Pigmented seeds. Distorted seedlings with elongated hypocotyl and curled cotyledons. Presence of trichomes and accumulation of anthocyanins on cotyledons. Unusual pattern of storage product accumulation in seedlings. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12244265}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT1G28300

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	DQ446296	0.0	DQ446296.1 Arabidopsis thaliana clone pENTR221-At1g28300 transcriptional factor B3 family protein/leafy cotyledon 2 (At1g28300) mRNA, complete cds.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_564304.1	0.0	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein
Swissprot	Q1PFR7	0.0	LEC2_ARATH; B3 domain-containing transcription factor LEC2
TrEMBL	A0A178W3J3	0.0	A0A178W3J3_ARATH; LEC2
STRING	AT1G28300.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM9262	23	36
Representative plant	OGRP788	17	66

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT1G28300.1
Entrez Gene	839724
iHOP	AT1G28300
wikigenes	AT1G28300

Publications ? help Back to Top
Wehmeyer N,Vierling E The expression of small heat shock proteins in seeds responds to discrete developmental signals and suggests a general protective role in desiccation tolerance. Plant Physiol., 2000. 122(4): p. 1099-108 [PMID:10759505] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Stone SL, et al. LEAFY COTYLEDON2 encodes a B3 domain transcription factor that induces embryo development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2001. 98(20): p. 11806-11 [PMID:11573014] Meinke DW,Franzmann LH,Nickle TC,Yeung EC Leafy Cotyledon Mutants of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 1994. 6(8): p. 1049-1064 [PMID:12244265] Dean Rider S, et al. Coordinate repression of regulators of embryonic identity by PICKLE during germination in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2003. 35(1): p. 33-43 [PMID:12834400] Kroj T,Savino G,Valon C,Giraudat J,Parcy F Regulation of storage protein gene expression in Arabidopsis. Development, 2003. 130(24): p. 6065-73 [PMID:14597573] Gong W, et al. Genome-wide ORFeome cloning and analysis of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes. Plant Physiol., 2004. 135(2): p. 773-82 [PMID:15208423] Curaba J, et al. AtGA3ox2, a key gene responsible for bioactive gibberellin biosynthesis, is regulated during embryogenesis by LEAFY COTYLEDON2 and FUSCA3 in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2004. 136(3): p. 3660-9 [PMID:15516508] Kagaya Y, et al. Indirect ABA-dependent regulation of seed storage protein genes by FUSCA3 transcription factor in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol., 2005. 46(2): p. 300-11 [PMID:15695463] Tsukagoshi H,Saijo T,Shibata D,Morikami A,Nakamura K Analysis of a sugar response mutant of Arabidopsis identified a novel B3 domain protein that functions as an active transcriptional repressor. Plant Physiol., 2005. 138(2): p. 675-85 [PMID:15894743] Gaj MD,Zhang S,Harada JJ,Lemaux PG Leafy cotyledon genes are essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis of Arabidopsis. Planta, 2005. 222(6): p. 977-88 [PMID:16034595] Santos Mendoza M,Dubreucq B,Miquel M,Caboche M,Lepiniec L LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 activation is sufficient to trigger the accumulation of oil and seed specific mRNAs in Arabidopsis leaves. FEBS Lett., 2005. 579(21): p. 4666-70 [PMID:16107256] Braybrook SA, et al. Genes directly regulated by LEAFY COTYLEDON2 provide insight into the control of embryo maturation and somatic embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006. 103(9): p. 3468-73 [PMID:16492731] To A, et al. A network of local and redundant gene regulation governs Arabidopsis seed maturation. Plant Cell, 2006. 18(7): p. 1642-51 [PMID:16731585] Casson SA,Lindsey K The turnip mutant of Arabidopsis reveals that LEAFY COTYLEDON1 expression mediates the effects of auxin and sugars to promote embryonic cell identity. Plant Physiol., 2006. 142(2): p. 526-41 [PMID:16935993] Underwood BA,Vanderhaeghen R,Whitford R,Town CD,Hilson P Simultaneous high-throughput recombinational cloning of open reading frames in closed and open configurations. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2006. 4(3): p. 317-24 [PMID:17147637] Suzuki M,Wang HH,McCarty DR Repression of the LEAFY COTYLEDON 1/B3 regulatory network in plant embryo development by VP1/ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE B3 genes. Plant Physiol., 2007. 143(2): p. 902-11 [PMID:17158584] Cao X, et al. Abscisic acid and stress signals induce Viviparous1 expression in seed and vegetative tissues of maize. Plant Physiol., 2007. 143(2): p. 720-31 [PMID:17208960] Baud S, et al. WRINKLED1 specifies the regulatory action of LEAFY COTYLEDON2 towards fatty acid metabolism during seed maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2007. 50(5): p. 825-38 [PMID:17419836] Wang H,Guo J,Lambert KN,Lin Y Developmental control of Arabidopsis seed oil biosynthesis. Planta, 2007. 226(3): p. 773-83 [PMID:17522888] Bies-Eth Inventory, evolution and expression profiling diversity of the LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol., 2008. 67(1-2): p. 107-24 [PMID:18265943] Stone SL, et al. Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON2 induces maturation traits and auxin activity: Implications for somatic embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2008. 105(8): p. 3151-6 [PMID:18287041] Thakare D,Tang W,Hill K,Perry SE The MADS-domain transcriptional regulator AGAMOUS-LIKE15 promotes somatic embryo development in Arabidopsis and soybean. Plant Physiol., 2008. 146(4): p. 1663-72 [PMID:18305206] Holdsworth MJ,Bentsink L,Soppe WJ Molecular networks regulating Arabidopsis seed maturation, after-ripening, dormancy and germination. New Phytol., 2008. 179(1): p. 33-54 [PMID:18422904] Santos-Mendoza M, et al. Deciphering gene regulatory networks that control seed development and maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 2008. 54(4): p. 608-20 [PMID:18476867] Mu J, et al. LEAFY COTYLEDON1 is a key regulator of fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2008. 148(2): p. 1042-54 [PMID:18689444] Wang X, et al. Overexpression of PGA37/MYB118 and MYB115 promotes vegetative-to-embryonic transition in Arabidopsis. Cell Res., 2009. 19(2): p. 224-35 [PMID:18695688] Swaminathan K,Peterson K,Jack T The plant B3 superfamily. Trends Plant Sci., 2008. 13(12): p. 647-55 [PMID:18986826] Baud S,Lepiniec L Regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis in maturing oilseeds of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2009. 47(6): p. 448-55 [PMID:19136270] Gao MJ, et al. Repression of seed maturation genes by a trihelix transcriptional repressor in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(1): p. 54-71 [PMID:19155348] Roschzttardtz H, et al. A nuclear gene encoding the iron-sulfur subunit of mitochondrial complex II is regulated by B3 domain transcription factors during seed development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2009. 150(1): p. 84-95 [PMID:19261733] Slocombe SP, et al. Oil accumulation in leaves directed by modification of fatty acid breakdown and lipid synthesis pathways. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2009. 7(7): p. 694-703 [PMID:19702756] LedwoÅ A,Gaj MD LEAFY COTYLEDON2 gene expression and auxin treatment in relation to embryogenic capacity of Arabidopsis somatic cells. Plant Cell Rep., 2009. 28(11): p. 1677-88 [PMID:19763577] Zheng Y,Ren N,Wang H,Stromberg AJ,Perry SE Global identification of targets of the Arabidopsis MADS domain protein AGAMOUS-Like15. Plant Cell, 2009. 21(9): p. 2563-77 [PMID:19767455] Che N, et al. Efficient LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN expression requires two neighboring RY elements on its promoter. Sci. China, C, Life Sci., 2009. 52(9): p. 854-63 [PMID:19802745] Andrianov V, et al. Tobacco as a production platform for biofuel: overexpression of Arabidopsis DGAT and LEC2 genes increases accumulation and shifts the composition of lipids in green biomass. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2010. 8(3): p. 277-87 [PMID:20051035] Le BH, et al. Global analysis of gene activity during Arabidopsis seed development and identification of seed-specific transcription factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010. 107(18): p. 8063-70 [PMID:20385809] Willmann MR,Mehalick AJ,Packer RL,Jenik PD MicroRNAs regulate the timing of embryo maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2011. 155(4): p. 1871-84 [PMID:21330492] Angeles-N Mutation of the transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 alters the chemical composition of Arabidopsis seeds, decreasing oil and protein content, while maintaining high levels of starch and sucrose in mature seeds. J. Plant Physiol., 2011. 168(16): p. 1891-900 [PMID:21665323] Berger N,Dubreucq B,Roudier F,Dubos C,Lepiniec L Transcriptional regulation of Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON2 involves RLE, a cis-element that regulates trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine-27. Plant Cell, 2011. 23(11): p. 4065-78 [PMID:22080598] Tang X, et al. Synergistic repression of the embryonic programme by SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 and EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 in Arabidopsis seedlings. J. Exp. Bot., 2012. 63(3): p. 1391-404 [PMID:22162868] Angeles-N Regulation of AtSUS2 and AtSUS3 by glucose and the transcription factor LEC2 in different tissues and at different stages of Arabidopsis seed development. Plant Mol. Biol., 2012. 78(4-5): p. 377-92 [PMID:22228409] Gao MJ, et al. ASIL1 is required for proper timing of seed filling in Arabidopsis. Plant Signal Behav, 2011. 6(12): p. 1886-8 [PMID:22231199] Zhang H,Bishop B,Ringenberg W,Muir WM,Ogas J The CHD3 remodeler PICKLE associates with genes enriched for trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27. Plant Physiol., 2012. 159(1): p. 418-32 [PMID:22452853] M Toward the identification and regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana ABI3 regulon. Nucleic Acids Res., 2012. 40(17): p. 8240-54 [PMID:22730287] Tang X, et al. MicroRNA-mediated repression of the seed maturation program during vegetative development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet., 2012. 8(11): p. e1003091 [PMID:23209442] Wang F,Perry SE Identification of direct targets of FUSCA3, a key regulator of Arabidopsis seed development. Plant Physiol., 2013. 161(3): p. 1251-64 [PMID:23314941] Li-Beisson Y, et al. Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book, 2013. 11: p. e0161 [PMID:23505340] W LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) promotes embryogenic induction in somatic tissues of Arabidopsis, via YUCCA-mediated auxin biosynthesis. Planta, 2013. 238(3): p. 425-40 [PMID:23722561] Feeney M,Frigerio L,Cui Y,Menassa R Following vegetative to embryonic cellular changes in leaves of Arabidopsis overexpressing LEAFY COTYLEDON2. Plant Physiol., 2013. 162(4): p. 1881-96 [PMID:23780897] Yang C, et al. VAL- and AtBMI1-mediated H2Aub initiate the switch from embryonic to postgerminative growth in Arabidopsis. Curr. Biol., 2013. 23(14): p. 1324-9 [PMID:23810531] Guo F, et al. Induced expression of AtLEC1 and AtLEC2 differentially promotes somatic embryogenesis in transgenic tobacco plants. PLoS ONE, 2013. 8(8): p. e71714 [PMID:23951228] Jia H,McCarty DR,Suzuki M Distinct roles of LAFL network genes in promoting the embryonic seedling fate in the absence of VAL repression. Plant Physiol., 2013. 163(3): p. 1293-305 [PMID:24043445] Feeney M,Frigerio L,Kohalmi SE,Cui Y,Menassa R Reprogramming cells to study vacuolar development. Front Plant Sci, 2013. 4: p. 493 [PMID:24348496] Kim HU, et al. Ectopic overexpression of castor bean LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) in Arabidopsis triggers the expression of genes that encode regulators of seed maturation and oil body proteins in vegetative tissues. FEBS Open Bio, 2013. 4: p. 25-32 [PMID:24363987] Nookaraju A, et al. Enhanced accumulation of fatty acids and triacylglycerols in transgenic tobacco stems for enhanced bioenergy production. Plant Cell Rep., 2014. 33(7): p. 1041-52 [PMID:24585187] Zhang Y,Clemens A,Maximova SN,Guiltinan MJ The Theobroma cacao B3 domain transcription factor TcLEC2 plays a duel role in control of embryo development and maturation. BMC Plant Biol., 2014. 14: p. 106 [PMID:24758406] Rikiishi K,Maekawa M Seed maturation regulators are related to the control of seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(9): p. e107618 [PMID:25211528] Yamamoto A, et al. Cell-by-cell developmental transition from embryo to post-germination phase revealed by heterochronic gene expression and ER-body formation in Arabidopsis leafy cotyledon mutants. Plant Cell Physiol., 2014. 55(12): p. 2112-25 [PMID:25282558] Shen Y,Devic M,Lepiniec L,Zhou DX Chromodomain, Helicase and DNA-binding CHD1 protein, CHR5, are involved in establishing active chromatin state of seed maturation genes. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2015. 13(6): p. 811-20 [PMID:25581843] Jin J, et al. An Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2015. 32(7): p. 1767-73 [PMID:25750178] Kim HU, et al. Senescence-inducible LEC2 enhances triacylglycerol accumulation in leaves without negatively affecting plant growth. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2015. 13(9): p. 1346-59 [PMID:25790072] Roscoe TT,Guilleminot J,Bessoule JJ,Berger F,Devic M Complementation of Seed Maturation Phenotypes by Ectopic Expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, FUSCA3 and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol., 2015. 56(6): p. 1215-28 [PMID:25840088] Schneider A, et al. Potential targets of VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1) repression in developing Arabidopsis thaliana embryos. Plant J., 2016. 85(2): p. 305-19 [PMID:26678037] Baud S, et al. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression by Master Transcriptional Regulators in Arabidopsis Seed. Plant Physiol., 2016. 171(2): p. 1099-112 [PMID:27208266] Ikeuchi M, et al. PRC2 represses dedifferentiation of mature somatic cells in Arabidopsis. Nat Plants, 2015. 1: p. 15089 [PMID:27250255] Fatihi A, et al. Deciphering and modifying LAFL transcriptional regulatory network in seed for improving yield and quality of storage compounds. Plant Sci., 2016. 250: p. 198-204 [PMID:27457996] Tang LP, et al. FUSCA3 interacting with LEAFY COTYLEDON2 controls lateral root formation through regulating YUCCA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol., 2017. 213(4): p. 1740-1754 [PMID:27878992] Vanhercke T, et al. Step changes in leaf oil accumulation via iterative metabolic engineering. Metab. Eng., 2017. 39: p. 237-246 [PMID:27993560] Han JD, et al. Evolutionary Analysis of the LAFL Genes Involved in the Land Plant Seed Maturation Program. Front Plant Sci, 2017. 8: p. 439 [PMID:28421087] Horstman A, et al. The BABY BOOM Transcription Factor Activates the LEC1-ABI3-FUS3-LEC2 Network to Induce Somatic Embryogenesis. Plant Physiol., 2017. 175(2): p. 848-857 [PMID:28830937] Liu C,Tong S,Zhang W,Hou H [Expression of Leafy Cotyledon 2 from Arabidopsis increased the content of lipid in Chlorella sorokiniana]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao, 2017. 33(6): p. 1037-1045 [PMID:28895365] Wójcik AM,Nodine MD,Gaj MD miR160 and miR166/165 Contribute to the LEC2-Mediated Auxin Response Involved in the Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci, 2017. 8: p. 2024 [PMID:29321785] Chen N,Veerappan V,Abdelmageed H,Kang M,Allen RD HSI2/VAL1 Silences AGL15 to Regulate the Developmental Transition from Seed Maturation to Vegetative Growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2018. 30(3): p. 600-619 [PMID:29475938] Boulard C, et al. LEC1 (NF-YB9) directly interacts with LEC2 to control gene expression in seed. 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