PlantTFDB - Plant Transcription Factor Database @ CBI, PKU

PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0

Plant Transcription Factor Database

Transcription Factor Information

Basic Information | Signature Domain | Sequence |

Basic Information? help Back to Top

TF ID

AT1G14920.1

Common Name

F10B6.34, GAI, RGA2

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana

Taxonomic ID

3702

Taxonomic Lineage

cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis

Family

GRAS

Protein Properties

Length: 533aa MW: 58926.6 Da PI: 5.4097

Description

GRAS family protein

Gene Model

Gene Model ID	Type	Source	Coding Sequence
AT1G14920.1	genome	TAIR	View CDS

Signature Domain? help Back to Top

No.	Domain	Score	E-value	Start	End	HMM Start	HMM End
1	GRAS	442.3	3.3e-135	169	529	1	374
GRAS 1 lvelLlecAeavssgdlelaqalLarlselaspdgdpmqRlaayfteALaarlarsvselykalppsetsekn.sseelaalklfsevsPilkfshlt 97 lv++Ll+cAeav++++l+ a+al++++ la ++ +m+++a+yf+eALa+r++r l+ps+++ ++ s++l+ f+e++P+lkf+h+t AT1G14920.1 169 LVHALLACAEAVQKENLTVAEALVKQIGFLAVSQIGAMRKVATYFAEALARRIYR--------LSPSQSPIDHsLSDTLQ--MHFYETCPYLKFAHFT 256 689**************************************************........66777764441334433..35********** PP GRAS 98 aNqaIleavegeervHiiDfdisqGlQWpaLlqaLasRpegppslRiTgvgspesgskeeleetgerLakfAeelgvpfefnvlvakrledleleeLr 195 aNqaIlea++g++rvH+iDf++sqGlQWpaL+qaLa Rp+gpp +R+Tg+g+p++++ + l+e+g +La++Ae+++v+fe++ +va++l+dl+ ++L+ AT1G14920.1 257 ANQAILEAFQGKKRVHVIDFSMSQGLQWPALMQALALRPGGPPVFRLTGIGPPAPDNFDYLHEVGCKLAHLAEAIHVEFEYRGFVANTLADLDASMLE 354 ********************************************************************************************** PP GRAS 196 vkp..gEalaVnlvlqlhrlldesvsleserdevLklvkslsPkvvvvveqeadhnsesFlerflealeyysalfdsleaklpreseerikvErellg 291 ++p E++aVn+v++lh+ll +++++++ vL +v++++P++++vveqe++hns+ Fl+rf+e+l+yys+lfdsle s +++++++++lg AT1G14920.1 355 LRPseIESVAVNSVFELHKLLGRPGAIDK----VLGVVNQIKPEIFTVVEQESNHNSPIFLDRFTESLHYYSTLFDSLEGV---PSGQDKVMSEVYLG 445 98889************99998888....*****************************************998...799******* PP GRAS 292 reivnvvacegaerrerhetlekWrerleeaGFkpvplsekaakqaklllrkvk.sdgyrveeesgslvlgWkdrpLvsvSaWr 374 ++i+nvvac g +r+erhetl++Wr+r+++aGF +++++++a kqa++ll+ ++ ++gyrvee++g+l+lgW++rpL+++SaW+ AT1G14920.1 446 KQICNVVACDGPDRVERHETLSQWRNRFGSAGFAAAHIGSNAFKQASMLLALFNgGEGYRVEESDGCLMLGWHTRPLIATSAWK 529 *********************************************************************************8 PP

Protein Features ? help Back to Top

Database	Entry ID	E-value	Start	End	InterPro ID	Description
SMART	SM01129	2.0E-42	28	101	No hit	No description
Pfam	PF12041	1.8E-33	28	95	IPR021914	Transcriptional factor DELLA, N-terminal
PROSITE profile	PS50985	64.4	143	508	IPR005202	Transcription factor GRAS
Pfam	PF03514	1.2E-132	169	529	IPR005202	Transcription factor GRAS

Gene Ontology ? help Back to Top
GO Term	GO Category	GO Description
GO:0006355	Biological Process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006808	Biological Process	regulation of nitrogen utilization
GO:0009723	Biological Process	response to ethylene
GO:0009737	Biological Process	response to abscisic acid
GO:0009863	Biological Process	salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0009867	Biological Process	jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0009938	Biological Process	negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0010187	Biological Process	negative regulation of seed germination
GO:0010218	Biological Process	response to far red light
GO:0010233	Biological Process	phloem transport
GO:0042538	Biological Process	hyperosmotic salinity response
GO:2000033	Biological Process	regulation of seed dormancy process
GO:2000377	Biological Process	regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
GO:0005634	Cellular Component	nucleus
GO:0003700	Molecular Function	transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0005515	Molecular Function	protein binding
GO:0043565	Molecular Function	sequence-specific DNA binding

Plant Ontology ? help Back to Top
PO Term	PO Category	PO Description
PO:0000013	anatomy	cauline leaf
PO:0000037	anatomy	shoot apex
PO:0000230	anatomy	inflorescence meristem
PO:0000293	anatomy	guard cell
PO:0008019	anatomy	leaf lamina base
PO:0009005	anatomy	root
PO:0009006	anatomy	shoot system
PO:0009009	anatomy	plant embryo
PO:0009010	anatomy	seed
PO:0009025	anatomy	vascular leaf
PO:0009029	anatomy	stamen
PO:0009030	anatomy	carpel
PO:0009031	anatomy	sepal
PO:0009032	anatomy	petal
PO:0009046	anatomy	flower
PO:0009047	anatomy	stem
PO:0009052	anatomy	flower pedicel
PO:0020030	anatomy	cotyledon
PO:0020038	anatomy	petiole
PO:0020100	anatomy	hypocotyl
PO:0020137	anatomy	leaf apex
PO:0025022	anatomy	collective leaf structure
PO:0025281	anatomy	pollen
PO:0001054	developmental stage	vascular leaf senescent stage
PO:0001078	developmental stage	plant embryo cotyledonary stage
PO:0001081	developmental stage	mature plant embryo stage
PO:0001185	developmental stage	plant embryo globular stage
PO:0004507	developmental stage	plant embryo bilateral stage
PO:0007064	developmental stage	LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage
PO:0007095	developmental stage	LP.08 eight leaves visible stage
PO:0007098	developmental stage	LP.02 two leaves visible stage
PO:0007103	developmental stage	LP.10 ten leaves visible stage
PO:0007115	developmental stage	LP.04 four leaves visible stage
PO:0007123	developmental stage	LP.06 six leaves visible stage
PO:0007611	developmental stage	petal differentiation and expansion stage
PO:0007616	developmental stage	flowering stage
PO:0025374	developmental stage	seed dormant stage

Sequence ? help Back to Top
Protein Sequence Length: 533 aa Download sequence Send to blast
MKRDHHHHHH QDKKTMMMNE EDDGNGMDEL LAVLGYKVRS SEMADVAQKL EQLEVMMSNV 60 QEDDLSQLAT ETVHYNPAEL YTWLDSMLTD LNPPSSNAEY DLKAIPGDAI LNQFAIDSAS 120 SSNQGGGGDT YTTNKRLKCS NGVVETTTAT AESTRHVVLV DSQENGVRLV HALLACAEAV 180 QKENLTVAEA LVKQIGFLAV SQIGAMRKVA TYFAEALARR IYRLSPSQSP IDHSLSDTLQ 240 MHFYETCPYL KFAHFTANQA ILEAFQGKKR VHVIDFSMSQ GLQWPALMQA LALRPGGPPV 300 FRLTGIGPPA PDNFDYLHEV GCKLAHLAEA IHVEFEYRGF VANTLADLDA SMLELRPSEI 360 ESVAVNSVFE LHKLLGRPGA IDKVLGVVNQ IKPEIFTVVE QESNHNSPIF LDRFTESLHY 420 YSTLFDSLEG VPSGQDKVMS EVYLGKQICN VVACDGPDRV ERHETLSQWR NRFGSAGFAA 480 AHIGSNAFKQ ASMLLALFNG GEGYRVEESD GCLMLGWHTR PLIATSAWKL STN

Sequence ? help Back to Top

Protein Sequence Length: 533 aa Download sequence Send to blast

MKRDHHHHHH QDKKTMMMNE EDDGNGMDEL LAVLGYKVRS SEMADVAQKL EQLEVMMSNV  60
QEDDLSQLAT ETVHYNPAEL YTWLDSMLTD LNPPSSNAEY DLKAIPGDAI LNQFAIDSAS  120
SSNQGGGGDT YTTNKRLKCS NGVVETTTAT AESTRHVVLV DSQENGVRLV HALLACAEAV  180
QKENLTVAEA LVKQIGFLAV SQIGAMRKVA TYFAEALARR IYRLSPSQSP IDHSLSDTLQ  240
MHFYETCPYL KFAHFTANQA ILEAFQGKKR VHVIDFSMSQ GLQWPALMQA LALRPGGPPV  300
FRLTGIGPPA PDNFDYLHEV GCKLAHLAEA IHVEFEYRGF VANTLADLDA SMLELRPSEI  360
ESVAVNSVFE LHKLLGRPGA IDKVLGVVNQ IKPEIFTVVE QESNHNSPIF LDRFTESLHY  420
YSTLFDSLEG VPSGQDKVMS EVYLGKQICN VVACDGPDRV ERHETLSQWR NRFGSAGFAA  480
AHIGSNAFKQ ASMLLALFNG GEGYRVEESD GCLMLGWHTR PLIATSAWKL STN

3D Structure ? help Back to Top

PDB ID	Evalue	Query Start	Query End	Hit Start	Hit End	Description
2zsh_B	2e-66	7	113	4	110	DELLA protein GAI
2zsi_B	2e-66	7	113	4	110	DELLA protein GAI
5b3h_A	3e-64	164	528	13	377	Protein SCARECROW
5b3h_D	3e-64	164	528	13	377	Protein SCARECROW
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Expression -- UniGene ? help Back to Top
UniGene ID	E-value	Expressed in
At.15032	0.0	flower\| leaf\| seed\| silique

Expression -- Microarray ? help Back to Top
Source	ID	E-value
GEO	30684069	0.0
Genevisible	262850_at	0.0
Expression Atlas	AT1G14920	-
AtGenExpress	AT1G14920	-
ATTED-II	AT1G14920	-

Expression -- Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
Uniprot	TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in rosette leaves, roots, stems and inflorescences of greenhouse grown. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11877383, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9237632, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9490740}.

Functional Description ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
TAIR	Similar to a putative transcription factor and transcriptional coactivators. Repressor of GA responses and involved in gibberellic acid mediated signaling. Member of the DELLA proteins that restrain the cell proliferation and expansion that drives plant growth. The protein undergoes degradation in response to GA via the 26S proteasome. GAI may be involved in reducing ROS accumulation in response to stress by up-regulating the transcription of superoxide dismutases. Represses GA-induced vegetative growth and floral initiation. Rapidly degraded in response to GA.
UniProt	Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling (PubMed:25035403). No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11487693, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11606551, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11606552, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14973286, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15128937, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16034591, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17933900, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25035403, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9389651}.

Function -- GeneRIF ? help Back to Top
SLEEPY1 interacts directly with RGA and GA INSENSITIVE (GAI, a closely related DELLA protein) via their C-terminal GRAS domain [PMID: 15155881] SLY1 (the wild-type form) and sly1gar2-1 both confer substrate specificity on this complex via specific binding to the DELLA proteins, GAI and RGA [PMID: 15161962] We show that ga1-3 seeds lacking RGA, RGL1 and RGL2 or GAI, RGL1 and RGL2, confer GA-independent germination in the light but not in the darkness whilst ga1-3 seeds lacking GAI, RGA and RGL2 germinate both in the light and darkness. [PMID: 16034591] Through transgenic modification, DELLA-less versions of GAI (gai) and RGL1 (rgl1) in a Populus tree have profound, dominant effects on phenotype, producing pleiotropic changes in morphology and metabolic profiles. [PMID: 16404575] PIL5 binds directly to GAIpromoters but not to Giberellic and Abscisic metabolic gene promoters in arabidopsis. [PMID: 17449805] Data show that gai gene apple transgenic clones showed reduced rooting ability, especially for the extremely compact ones. [PMID: 17932677] A study evaluting ethylene-giberillic acid crosstalk in gibberellin-insensitive (gai), ethylene-overproducing 2-1 (eto2-1) double mutant A. thaliana is reported. [PMID: 18078472] crystal structure of a ternary complex of Arabidopsis thaliana GID1A, a bioactive gibberellin and the amino-terminal DELLA domain of GAI [PMID: 19037309] The RNA mobile elements in GAI RNA play important roles in RNA movement. [PMID: 19453448] We show that repression of germination by far-red light involves stabilized DELLA factors GAI, RGA and RGL2 that stimulate endogenous abscisic acid synthesis which, in turn, blocks germination through the transcription factor ABI3. [PMID: 19556968] Data documented that Lys-29 of ubiquitin is the major site for ubiquitin chain formation to mediate DELLA protein degradation that also required protein Ser/Thr dephosphorylation activity. The LZ domain is essential for both their stability and activity. [PMID: 19717618] SPT acts in an analogous manner to the gibberellin-dependent DELLAs, REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 and GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE, which restrain cotyledon expansion alongside SPT. [PMID: 21478445] Studies indicate that GRAS proteins are named after the first three members: GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI), REPRESSOR of GAI (RGA) and SCARECROW (SCR), and they have diverse roles in plant development and signal transduction. [PMID: 21732203] Results show that the induction of GAI activity has an almost immediate effect on gene expression. [PMID: 21904598] Data show the model of the gene expression feedback regulation of GID1, GA20ox, and GA3ox, and DELLA with gibberellin. [PMID: 22523240] GAI requires BOTRYTIS SUSCEPTIBLE1 INTERACTORs (BOIs) to inhibit GA responses such as seed germination, phase transition, and flowering. [PMID: 23482857] GID1 relieves seed dormancy through the down-regulation of DELLA via direct protein-protein interaction. [PMID: 23818171] Atgai mRNA can move from companion cells to sieve tubes and the translated product remains at the sites to which it is transported. [PMID: 24144190] DELLA activity is essential for Arabidopsis pollen development. [PMID: 24400898] The removal of DELLA repression highly upregulated certain genes on various hormone pathways, suggesting that gibberellin signaling acts upstream of the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene pathways in regulating leaf senescence. [PMID: 24576761] showed that the WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complex acts as a direct target of DELLAs in the GA pathway and that both DELLAs and JAZs interacted with the WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complex to mediate synergism between GA and JA signaling [PMID: 24659329] DAG1 and the DELLA protein GAI cooperate in negatively regulating the AtGA3ox1 gene [PMID: 24719470] DELLA protein functions as a transcriptional activator through the DNA binding of the indeterminate domain family proteins. [PMID: 24821766] Upon seed imbibition, increased Gibberellin (GA)levels reduce DELLA protein abundance and release ATML1/PDF2 to activate L1 box gene expression, thus enhancing germination potential. [PMID: 24989044] Further analyses demonstrated that TOPP4 is able to directly bind and dephosphorylate RGA and GAI, confirming that the TOPP4-controlled phosphorylation status of DELLAs is associated with their stability [PMID: 25010794] GAF1 interacts with the corepressor TPR and that DELLAs and TPR act as coactivators and a corepressor of GAF1, respectively. Gibberellin (GA) converts the GAF1 complex from transcriptional activator to repressor via the degradation of DELLAs. [PMID: 25035403] RGA and GAI play distinct roles in seed germination, and GAI interacts with DAG1 in embryo development. [PMID: 25064446] Transcriptional analysis supported these results and revealed that a complex signaling network has responded to MgT in Arabidopsis. DELLA enhancement, which depends on ABI1, contributed to the remodeling growth and development of young seedlings [PMID: 25074907] our data suggest that the miR171-SCL module is critical for mediating GA-DELLA signaling in the coordinate regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and leaf growth in light. [PMID: 25101599] Under conditions of competition for light, plants redirect resource allocation from defense to rapid elongation by promoting DELLA degradation and enhancing JAZ10 stability. [PMID: 25103816] determined the TF interactome of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DELLA protein GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE and screened a collection of conditional TF overexpressors in search of those that alter GA sensitivity [PMID: 25118255] BBX24 physically interacts with DELLA proteins and alleviates DELLA-mediated repression of PIF4 activity. [PMID: 25656233] DELLAs are modified by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) SECRET AGENT (SEC) in Arabidopsis. [PMID: 26773002] this study provides direct link between melatonin and floral transition, and indicates the novel involvement of DELLAs-activated FLC in melatonin-mediated flowering in Arabidopsis. [PMID: 26887824] JUB1, a core element of the Gibberellic acid - brassinosteroid (BR) - DELLA regulatory module, functions as a negative regulator of defense responses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and mediates the crosstalk between growth and immunity. [PMID: 27159137] Results indicate that the DELLA-CONSTANS (CO) cascade inhibits CO/FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-mediated flowering under LDs, which thus provide evidence to directly integrate gibberellin (GA) and photoperiod signaling to synergistically modulate flowering under long days (LDs). [PMID: 27406167] The DELLA is mono-O-fucosylated by the novel O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY (SPY) in Arabidopsis thaliana. O-fucosylation activates DELLA by promoting its interaction with key regulators in brassinosteroid- and light-signaling pathways. [PMID: 28244988] GAI negatively regulate dark-induced senescence and chlorophyll degradation. [PMID: 29574486] the promotion by constitutive overexpression of KNAT1 of fiber formation and the expression of genes required for fiber differentiation were still reverted by DELLA accumulation, in agreement with post-translational regulation of KNAT1 by DELLA proteins. [PMID: 30389856]

Cis-element ? help Back to Top
Source	Link
PlantRegMap	AT1G14920.1

Regulation -- PlantRegMap ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator	Target Gene
PlantRegMap	Retrieve	Retrieve

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Upstream Regulators) ? help Back to Top
Source	Upstream Regulator (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT2G20180 (A)

Regulation -- ATRM (Manually Curated Target Genes) ? help Back to Top
Source	Target Gene (A: Activate/R: Repress)
ATRM	AT1G15550(R), AT2G04240(A), AT2G36270(A), AT3G27920(R), AT4G25420(R), AT5G61850(A)

Regulation -- Hormone ? help Back to Top
Source	Hormone
AHD	abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellin

Interaction ? help Back to Top
Source	Intact With
BioGRID	AT1G67260, AT1G19210, AT1G31630, AT1G32640, AT1G35560, AT1G45249, AT1G49720, AT1G53230, AT1G58100, AT1G63650, AT1G68920, AT1G69170, AT1G69690, AT1G69810, AT1G70000, AT1G75080
IntAct	Search Q9LQT8

Phenotype -- Disruption Phenotype ? help Back to Top
Source	Description
UniProt	DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Rga, gai, rgl1, rgl2 and rgl3 pentuple mutant displays constitutive GA responses even in the absence of GA treatment. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23482857}.

Phenotype -- Mutation ? help Back to Top
Source	ID
T-DNA Express	AT1G14920

Annotation -- Nucleotide ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
GenBank	AC006917	0.0	AC006917.6 Genomic sequence for Arabidopsis thaliana BAC F10B6 from chromosome I, complete sequence.
GenBank	AY058194	0.0	AY058194.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At1g14920/F10B6_15 mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	AY142002	0.0	AY142002.1 Arabidopsis thaliana At1g14920/F10B6_15 mRNA, complete cds.
GenBank	CP002684	0.0	CP002684.1 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 1 sequence.
GenBank	GQ177378	0.0	GQ177378.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Ei-2 GAI gene, complete sequence.
GenBank	GQ177385	0.0	GQ177385.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Mt-0 GAI gene, complete sequence.
GenBank	GQ177389	0.0	GQ177389.1 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Wt-5 GAI gene, complete sequence.

Annotation -- Protein ? help Back to Top
Source	Hit ID	E-value	Description
Refseq	NP_172945.1	0.0	GRAS family transcription factor family protein
Swissprot	Q9LQT8	0.0	GAI_ARATH; DELLA protein GAI
TrEMBL	A0A178W7K2	0.0	A0A178W7K2_ARATH; RGA2
STRING	AT1G14920.1	0.0	(Arabidopsis thaliana)

Orthologous Group ? help Back to Top
Lineage	Orthologous Group ID	Taxa Number	Gene Number
Malvids	OGEM837	28	121
Representative plant	OGRP1251	15	50

Link Out ? help Back to Top
Phytozome	AT1G14920.1
Entrez Gene	838057
iHOP	AT1G14920
wikigenes	AT1G14920

Publications ? help Back to Top
Peng J,Richards DE,Moritz T,Ca Extragenic suppressors of the Arabidopsis gai mutation alter the dose-response relationship of diverse gibberellin responses. Plant Physiol., 1999. 119(4): p. 1199-208 [PMID:10198078] Pysh LD,Wysocka-Diller JW,Camilleri C,Bouchez D,Benfey PN The GRAS gene family in Arabidopsis: sequence characterization and basic expression analysis of the SCARECROW-LIKE genes. Plant J., 1999. 18(1): p. 111-9 [PMID:10341448] Peng J, et al. 'Green revolution' genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature, 1999. 400(6741): p. 256-61 [PMID:10421366] Vivian-Smith A,Koltunow AM Genetic analysis of growth-regulator-induced parthenocarpy in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 1999. 121(2): p. 437-51 [PMID:10517835] Gendreau E,Orbovic V,H Gibberellin and ethylene control endoreduplication levels in the Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl. Planta, 1999. 209(4): p. 513-6 [PMID:10550633] Jacobsen SE,Olszewski NE,Meyerowitz EM SPINDLY's role in the gibberellin response pathway. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 1998. 51: p. 73-8 [PMID:10645426] Ogawa M,Kusano T,Katsumi M,Sano H Rice gibberellin-insensitive gene homolog, OsGAI, encodes a nuclear-localized protein capable of gene activation at transcriptional level. Gene, 2000. 245(1): p. 21-9 [PMID:10713441] Rahman A, et al. Involvement of ethylene and gibberellin signalings in chromosaponin I-induced cell division and cell elongation in the roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol., 2000. 41(1): p. 1-9 [PMID:10750702] Chandler J,Martinez-Zapater JM,Dean C Mutations causing defects in the biosynthesis and response to gibberellins, abscisic acid and phytochrome B do not inhibit vernalization in Arabidopsis fca-1. Planta, 2000. 210(4): p. 677-82 [PMID:10787063] Riechmann JL, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science, 2000. 290(5499): p. 2105-10 [PMID:11118137] Steber CM,McCourt P A role for brassinosteroids in germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2001. 125(2): p. 763-9 [PMID:11161033] Ikeda A, et al. slender rice, a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the SLR1 gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene GAI/RGA/RHT/D8. Plant Cell, 2001. 13(5): p. 999-1010 [PMID:11340177] Tseng TS,Swain SM,Olszewski NE Ectopic expression of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of SPINDLY causes defects in gibberellin response. Plant Physiol., 2001. 126(3): p. 1250-8 [PMID:11457975] Fu X, et al. Expression of Arabidopsis GAI in transgenic rice represses multiple gibberellin responses. Plant Cell, 2001. 13(8): p. 1791-802 [PMID:11487693] King KE,Moritz T,Harberd NP Gibberellins are not required for normal stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of GAI and RGA. Genetics, 2001. 159(2): p. 767-76 [PMID:11606551] Dill A,Sun T Synergistic derepression of gibberellin signaling by removing RGA and GAI function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics, 2001. 159(2): p. 777-85 [PMID:11606552] Dill A,Jung HS,Sun TP The DELLA motif is essential for gibberellin-induced degradation of RGA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2001. 98(24): p. 14162-7 [PMID:11717468] Wen CK,Chang C Arabidopsis RGL1 encodes a negative regulator of gibberellin responses. Plant Cell, 2002. 14(1): p. 87-100 [PMID:11826301] Ezhova TA,Soldatova OP,Skliarova OA [Nana gene--a regulator of cell division and elongation of stem cells in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh]. Genetika, 2002. 38(1): p. 63-71 [PMID:11852796] Lee S, et al. Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RGL2, a GAI/RGA-like gene whose expression is up-regulated following imbibition. Genes Dev., 2002. 16(5): p. 646-58 [PMID:11877383] Peng J, et al. Molecular and physiological characterization of arabidopsis GAI alleles obtained in targeted Ds-tagging experiments. Planta, 2002. 214(4): p. 591-6 [PMID:11925042] Boss PK,Thomas MR Association of dwarfism and floral induction with a grape 'green revolution' mutation. Nature, 2002. 416(6883): p. 847-50 [PMID:11976683] Chandler PM,Marion-Poll A,Ellis M,Gubler F Mutants at the Slender1 locus of barley cv Himalaya. Molecular and physiological characterization. Plant Physiol., 2002. 129(1): p. 181-90 [PMID:12011349] Swain SM,Tseng TS,Thornton TM,Gopalraj M,Olszewski NE SPINDLY is a nuclear-localized repressor of gibberellin signal transduction expressed throughout the plant. Plant Physiol., 2002. 129(2): p. 605-15 [PMID:12068105] Peng J,Harberd NP The role of GA-mediated signalling in the control of seed germination. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2002. 5(5): p. 376-81 [PMID:12183174] Wilson RN,Somerville CR Phenotypic Suppression of the Gibberellin-Insensitive Mutant (gai) of Arabidopsis. 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