PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Handroanthus impetiginosus
ZF-HD Family
Species TF ID Description
PIM97849.1ZF-HD family protein
PIM97850.1ZF-HD family protein
PIM97851.1ZF-HD family protein
PIM98041.1ZF-HD family protein
PIM98052.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN01370.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN01658.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN02949.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN05544.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN06876.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN07098.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN09827.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN09828.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN09829.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN13077.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN15134.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN15239.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN15383.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN16288.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN16289.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN16290.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN16300.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN16822.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN17161.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN20026.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN20301.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN24076.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN24432.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN24496.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN24497.1ZF-HD family protein
PIN25950.1ZF-HD family protein
ZF-HD Family Introduction

This group of sequences described by a 54-residue domain found in the N-terminal region of plant proteins, the vast majority of which contain a ZF-HD class homeobox domain toward the C terminus. The region between the two domains typically is rich in low complexity sequence. The companion ZF-HD homeobox domain is described in INTERPRO:IPR006455.

A one-hybrid screen resulted in the cloning of four different members of a novel class of plant homeodomain proteins, which are most likely involved in the mesophyll-specific expression of the C4 PEPCase gene in C4 species of the genus Flaveria. Inspection of the homeodomains of the four proteins reveals that they share many common features with homeodomains described so far, but there are also significant differences. Interestingly, this class of homeodomain proteins occurs also in Arabidopsis thaliana and other C3 plants. One-hybrid experiments as well as in vitro DNA binding studies confirmed that these novel homeodomain proteins specifically interact with the proximal region of the C4 PEPCase (C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) gene. The N-terminal domains of the homeodomain proteins contain highly conserved sequence motifs. Two-hybrid experiments show that these motifs are sufficient to confer homo- or heterodimer formation between the proteins. Mutagenesis of conserved cysteine residues within the dimerization domain indicates that these residues are essential for dimer formation. Therefore, we designate this novel class of homeobox proteins ZF-HD, for zinc finger homeodomain protein. Our data suggest that the ZF-HD class of homeodomain proteins may be involved in the establishment of the characteristic expression pattern of the C4 PEPCase gene.

Windhovel A, Hein I, Dabrowa R, Stockhaus J.
Characterization of a novel class of plant homeodomain proteins that bind to the C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene of Flaveria trinervia.
Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Jan;45(2):201-14.
PMID: 11289511