PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Brassica rapa
M-type_MADS Family
Species TF ID Description
XP_009102741.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009103230.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009103700.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009104862.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009105602.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009107574.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009107578.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009107740.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009108472.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009110322.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009111620.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009112221.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009112576.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009113240.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009114181.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009114182.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009114607.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009114777.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009115284.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009115622.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009117017.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009117096.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009117586.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009117708.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009118127.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009120397.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009120577.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009122225.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009122908.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009122909.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009122928.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009123497.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009123499.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009123630.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009124958.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009125010.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009125647.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009126601.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009126602.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009126603.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009129262.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009129850.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009129851.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009129908.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130036.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130038.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130040.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130046.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130047.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130421.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009130508.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009132360.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009134914.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009136224.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009139672.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009139952.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009139964.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009139965.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009139966.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009140925.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009141468.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009144110.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009144622.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009146101.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009146116.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009147196.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009147197.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009147205.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009147930.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009148218.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009148220.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009149363.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009149364.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009151151.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009151152.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009151512.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009151734.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009152217.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009152218.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009152219.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_009152220.1M-type_MADS family protein
M-type_MADS (M-type MADS) Family Introduction

The best studied plant MADS-box transcription factors are those involved in floral organ identity determination. Analysis of homeotic floral mutants resulted in the formulation of a genetic model, named the ABC model, that explains how the combined functions of three classes of genes (A, B, and C) determine the identity of the four flower organs (reviewed by Coen and Meyerowitz, 1991). Arabidopsis has two A-class genes (AP1 and AP2 [Bowman et al., 1989]), two B-class genes (PI and AP3), and a single C-class gene (AG), of which only AP2 is not a MADS-box gene. Recently, it was shown that the Arabidopsis B- and C-function genes, which control petal, stamen, and carpel development, are functionally dependent on three highly similar MADS-box genes, SEP1, SEP2, and SEP3 (Pelaz et al., 2000). Interestingly, only when mutant knockout alleles of the three SEP genes were combined in a triple sep1 sep2 sep3 mutant was loss of petal, stamen, and carpel identity observed, resulting in a flower composed of only sepals. This example shows that redundancy occurs in the MADS-box gene family, which complicates reverse genetic strategies for gene function analysis. The SHP genes provide another example of MADS-box gene redundancy. shp1 and shp2 single mutants do not exhibit any phenotypic effect, whereas in the double mutant, development of the dehiscence zone is disturbed in the fruit, resulting in a failure to release seeds (Liljegren et al., 2000)[1].

It has been proposed that there are at least 2 lineages (type I and type II) of MADS-box genes in plants, animals, and fungi. Most of the well-studied plant genes are type II genes and have three more domains than type I genes from the N to the C terminus of the protein:intervening (I) domain (~30 codons), keratin-lik e coiled-coil (K) domain (~70 codons), and Cterminal (C) domain (variable length). These genes are called the MIKC-type and are specific to plants[2].

The MADS-box is a DNA binding domain of 58 amino acids that binds DNA at consensus recognition sequences known as CArG boxes [CC(A/T)6GG] (Hayes et al., 1988; Riechmann et al., 1996b). The interaction with DNA has been studied in detail for the human and yeast MADS-box proteins thanks to the resolved crystal structures (Pellegrini et al., 1995; Santelli and Richmond, 2000). The I domain is less conserved and contributes to the specification of dimerization. The K domain is characterized by a coiled-coil structure, which facilitates the dimerization of MADS-box proteins (Davies et al., 1996; Fan et al., 1997). The C domain is the least conserved domain; in some cases, it has been shown to contain a transactivation domain or to contribute to the formation of multimeric MADS-box protein complexes (Egea-Cortines et al., 1999; Honma and Goto, 2001)[1].

1.Parenicova L, de Folter S, Kieffer M, Horner DS, Favalli C, Busscher J, Cook HE, Ingram RM, Kater MM, Davies B, Angenent GC, Colombo L.
Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: new openings to the MADS world.
Plant Cell. 2003 Jul;15(7):1538-51.
PMID: 12837945
2.Nam J, dePamphilis CW, Ma H, Nei M.
Antiquity and evolution of the MADS-box gene family controlling flower development in plants.
Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Sep;20(9):1435-47. Epub 2003 May 30.
PMID: 12777513