PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Brassica oleracea
M-type_MADS Family
Species TF ID Description
XP_013583243.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013584191.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013584728.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013584995.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013585077.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013588208.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013588958.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013588961.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013588993.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013589514.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013589556.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013589663.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013590890.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013590891.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013591122.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013591162.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013592109.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013592561.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594068.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594069.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594070.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594071.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594279.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594283.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594287.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013594963.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013596119.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013596905.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013596955.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013597142.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013600953.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013601021.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013601822.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013603519.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013603751.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013604087.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013604104.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013605329.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013607713.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608279.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608508.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608509.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608518.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608519.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608520.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013608535.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013610078.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013610714.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013610790.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013610889.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013612000.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013612001.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013612002.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013612003.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013612004.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013613614.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013614580.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013615131.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013615577.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013615578.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013615815.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013617877.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013617893.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013617898.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013617909.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013619615.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013619814.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013619870.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013619903.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013619932.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013619937.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013621272.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013623370.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013623871.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013624242.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013624445.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013624486.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013624526.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013624565.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013630382.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013632661.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013633147.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013633151.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013633153.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013633155.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013633368.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013635263.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013635570.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013635683.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013638752.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013639481.1M-type_MADS family protein
XP_013639809.1M-type_MADS family protein
M-type_MADS (M-type MADS) Family Introduction

The best studied plant MADS-box transcription factors are those involved in floral organ identity determination. Analysis of homeotic floral mutants resulted in the formulation of a genetic model, named the ABC model, that explains how the combined functions of three classes of genes (A, B, and C) determine the identity of the four flower organs (reviewed by Coen and Meyerowitz, 1991). Arabidopsis has two A-class genes (AP1 and AP2 [Bowman et al., 1989]), two B-class genes (PI and AP3), and a single C-class gene (AG), of which only AP2 is not a MADS-box gene. Recently, it was shown that the Arabidopsis B- and C-function genes, which control petal, stamen, and carpel development, are functionally dependent on three highly similar MADS-box genes, SEP1, SEP2, and SEP3 (Pelaz et al., 2000). Interestingly, only when mutant knockout alleles of the three SEP genes were combined in a triple sep1 sep2 sep3 mutant was loss of petal, stamen, and carpel identity observed, resulting in a flower composed of only sepals. This example shows that redundancy occurs in the MADS-box gene family, which complicates reverse genetic strategies for gene function analysis. The SHP genes provide another example of MADS-box gene redundancy. shp1 and shp2 single mutants do not exhibit any phenotypic effect, whereas in the double mutant, development of the dehiscence zone is disturbed in the fruit, resulting in a failure to release seeds (Liljegren et al., 2000)[1].

It has been proposed that there are at least 2 lineages (type I and type II) of MADS-box genes in plants, animals, and fungi. Most of the well-studied plant genes are type II genes and have three more domains than type I genes from the N to the C terminus of the protein:intervening (I) domain (~30 codons), keratin-lik e coiled-coil (K) domain (~70 codons), and Cterminal (C) domain (variable length). These genes are called the MIKC-type and are specific to plants[2].

The MADS-box is a DNA binding domain of 58 amino acids that binds DNA at consensus recognition sequences known as CArG boxes [CC(A/T)6GG] (Hayes et al., 1988; Riechmann et al., 1996b). The interaction with DNA has been studied in detail for the human and yeast MADS-box proteins thanks to the resolved crystal structures (Pellegrini et al., 1995; Santelli and Richmond, 2000). The I domain is less conserved and contributes to the specification of dimerization. The K domain is characterized by a coiled-coil structure, which facilitates the dimerization of MADS-box proteins (Davies et al., 1996; Fan et al., 1997). The C domain is the least conserved domain; in some cases, it has been shown to contain a transactivation domain or to contribute to the formation of multimeric MADS-box protein complexes (Egea-Cortines et al., 1999; Honma and Goto, 2001)[1].

1.Parenicova L, de Folter S, Kieffer M, Horner DS, Favalli C, Busscher J, Cook HE, Ingram RM, Kater MM, Davies B, Angenent GC, Colombo L.
Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: new openings to the MADS world.
Plant Cell. 2003 Jul;15(7):1538-51.
PMID: 12837945
2.Nam J, dePamphilis CW, Ma H, Nei M.
Antiquity and evolution of the MADS-box gene family controlling flower development in plants.
Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Sep;20(9):1435-47. Epub 2003 May 30.
PMID: 12777513