PlantTFDB
PlantRegMap/PlantTFDB v5.0
Plant Transcription Factor Database
Amaranthus hypochondriacus
M-type_MADS Family
Species TF ID Description
AHYPO_000296-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_000297-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_002634-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_002682-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_003054-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_003148-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_003523-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_003558-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_003695-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_003703-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_004219-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_004345-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_005128-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_005129-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_005130-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_005707-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_007058-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_008908-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_009524-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_010561-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_011013-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_011014-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_011138-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_011266-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_011268-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_012321-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_012692-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_012743-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_014198-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_014346-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_015514-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_016624-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_017119-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_017136-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_018502-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_018504-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_018505-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_018558-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_019891-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_020232-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_020658-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_021162-RAM-type_MADS family protein
AHYPO_021953-RAM-type_MADS family protein
M-type_MADS (M-type MADS) Family Introduction

The best studied plant MADS-box transcription factors are those involved in floral organ identity determination. Analysis of homeotic floral mutants resulted in the formulation of a genetic model, named the ABC model, that explains how the combined functions of three classes of genes (A, B, and C) determine the identity of the four flower organs (reviewed by Coen and Meyerowitz, 1991). Arabidopsis has two A-class genes (AP1 and AP2 [Bowman et al., 1989]), two B-class genes (PI and AP3), and a single C-class gene (AG), of which only AP2 is not a MADS-box gene. Recently, it was shown that the Arabidopsis B- and C-function genes, which control petal, stamen, and carpel development, are functionally dependent on three highly similar MADS-box genes, SEP1, SEP2, and SEP3 (Pelaz et al., 2000). Interestingly, only when mutant knockout alleles of the three SEP genes were combined in a triple sep1 sep2 sep3 mutant was loss of petal, stamen, and carpel identity observed, resulting in a flower composed of only sepals. This example shows that redundancy occurs in the MADS-box gene family, which complicates reverse genetic strategies for gene function analysis. The SHP genes provide another example of MADS-box gene redundancy. shp1 and shp2 single mutants do not exhibit any phenotypic effect, whereas in the double mutant, development of the dehiscence zone is disturbed in the fruit, resulting in a failure to release seeds (Liljegren et al., 2000)[1].

It has been proposed that there are at least 2 lineages (type I and type II) of MADS-box genes in plants, animals, and fungi. Most of the well-studied plant genes are type II genes and have three more domains than type I genes from the N to the C terminus of the protein:intervening (I) domain (~30 codons), keratin-lik e coiled-coil (K) domain (~70 codons), and Cterminal (C) domain (variable length). These genes are called the MIKC-type and are specific to plants[2].

The MADS-box is a DNA binding domain of 58 amino acids that binds DNA at consensus recognition sequences known as CArG boxes [CC(A/T)6GG] (Hayes et al., 1988; Riechmann et al., 1996b). The interaction with DNA has been studied in detail for the human and yeast MADS-box proteins thanks to the resolved crystal structures (Pellegrini et al., 1995; Santelli and Richmond, 2000). The I domain is less conserved and contributes to the specification of dimerization. The K domain is characterized by a coiled-coil structure, which facilitates the dimerization of MADS-box proteins (Davies et al., 1996; Fan et al., 1997). The C domain is the least conserved domain; in some cases, it has been shown to contain a transactivation domain or to contribute to the formation of multimeric MADS-box protein complexes (Egea-Cortines et al., 1999; Honma and Goto, 2001)[1].

1.Parenicova L, de Folter S, Kieffer M, Horner DS, Favalli C, Busscher J, Cook HE, Ingram RM, Kater MM, Davies B, Angenent GC, Colombo L.
Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: new openings to the MADS world.
Plant Cell. 2003 Jul;15(7):1538-51.
PMID: 12837945
2.Nam J, dePamphilis CW, Ma H, Nei M.
Antiquity and evolution of the MADS-box gene family controlling flower development in plants.
Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Sep;20(9):1435-47. Epub 2003 May 30.
PMID: 12777513